Table 1. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients by Race and Ethnicity.
| Variable | Median (IQR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asian patients | Black patients | Hispanic patients | White patients | |
| No. | 83 | 207 | 112 | 2667 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 64.2 (14.9) | 64.0 (13.8) | 59.3 (14.5) | 67.6 (13.3) |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||
| Female | 24 (28.9) | 104 (50.2) | 44 (39.3) | 916 (34.3) |
| Male | 59 (71.1) | 103 (49.8) | 68 (60.7) | 1751 (65.7) |
| Died, No. (%) | 3 (3.6) | 17 (8.2) | 8 (7.1) | 174 (6.5) |
| Elixhauser score (SD) | 3.9 (2.4) | 5.1 (2.3) | 4.6 (2.6) | 4.3 (2.3) |
| Lactate, mg/dL | 19.8 (13.5 to 26.1) | 17.1 (11.7 to 24.3) | 18.9 (13.5 to 27.0) | 16.2 (11.7 to 22.5) |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 136.0 (134.5 to 139.0) | 138.0 (135.0 to 141.0) | 135.5 (133.0 to 138.0) | 136.0 (134.0 to 139.0) |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.3 (3.9 to 4.8) | 4.3 (3.8 to 5.0) | 4.3 (3.8 to 4.9) | 4.4 (3.9 to 4.9) |
| Bicarbonate, mEq/L | 23.0 (21.0 to 25.0) | 23.0 (20.0 to 26.0) | 23.0 (21.0 to 25.0) | 23.0 (21.0 to 25.0) |
| BUN, mg/dL | 16.0 (11.0 to 22.5) | 19.0 (13.0 to 37.0) | 17.5 (12.0 to 27.2) | 17.0 (13.0 to 25.0) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 1.1 (0.8 to 2.1) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) |
| AST, IU/L | 40.5 (25.5 to 167.5) | 50.0 (29.0 to 105.0) | 44.0 (27.0 to 114.0) | 41.0 (26.0 to 84.0) |
| ALT, IU/L | 33.5 (18.5 to 87.8) | 33.0 (18.5 to 67.2) | 28.0 (18.0 to 85.0) | 27.0 (15.0 to 57.0) |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.7 (0.4 to 2.1) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.6 to 2.0) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.6) |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.1 (2.6 to 3.3) | 3.0 (2.5 to 3.4) | 3.3 (2.8 to 3.9) | 3.1 (2.6 to 3.5) |
| White blood cells, K/uL | 10.3 (7.3 to 13.8) | 9.6 (7.3 to 13.8) | 10.9 (8.0 to 15.6) | 11.9 (8.7 to 15.4) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.8 (8.2 to 11.2) | 9.9 (8.4 to 11.5) | 9.9 (8.2 to 11.6) | 10.3 (8.9 to 11.8) |
| Platelets, K/uL | 159.0 (122.0 to 223.0) | 165.0 (118.0 to 223.5) | 160.0 (112.8 to 235.5) | 161.0 (124.0 to 217.2) |
| Initial pO2, mm Hg | 254.0 (87.5 to 344.5) | 109.0 (71.0 to 288.0) | 198.0 (90.5 to 321.2) | 231.0 (87.5 to 340.0) |
| Initial pCO2, mm Hg | 39.0 (34.0 to 44.5) | 40.0 (34.5 to 45.0) | 40.0 (35.0 to 44.0) | 40.0 (36.0 to 45.0) |
| Max SOFA, mean (SD) | ||||
| Respiration | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (0.9) | 1.3 (0.9) |
| Kidney | 0.6 (1.1) | 1.3 (1.4) | 0.8 (1.2) | 0.7 (1.1) |
| Cardiovascular | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.1) |
| Liver | 0.3 (0.9) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.7) |
| Coagulation | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.9 (1.0) | 0.8 (0.8) |
| CNS | 1.2 (1.4) | 1.0 (1.1) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.9 (1.1) |
| Average hourly input, mean (SD), mL/h | 68.7 (108.6) | 78.6 (115.9) | 95.4 (117.5) | 91.5 (279.1) |
| Data duration, mean (SD), d | 2.1 (1.4) | 2.1 (1.3) | 2.0 (1.4) | 2.0 (1.2) |
| Weight, kg | 71.2 (60.5 to 81.7) | 86.7 (72.3 to 101.8) | 83.0 (71.6 to 95.5) | 88.0 (74.9 to 101.3) |
| Average temperature, °C | 36.8 (36.7 to 37.1) | 36.8 (36.7 to 37.0) | 36.9 (36.6 to 37.2) | 36.8 (36.6 to 37.0) |
| Average heart rate, bpm | 86.8 (79.1 to 96.4) | 86.4 (75.2 to 95.8) | 88.9 (80.3 to 95.9) | 83.5 (75.8 to 92.7) |
| Average MAP, mm Hg | 75.4 (72.7 to 81.1) | 77.1 (71.8 to 83.6) | 74.5 (70.6 to 81.3) | 74.3 (70.1 to 79.0) |
| Average respiratory rate, breaths/min | 19.0 (17.2 to 21.4) | 19.9 (17.3 to 22.3) | 19.3 (16.6 to 22.0) | 18.6 (16.6 to 21.0) |
| Average SpO2, % | 97.3 (96.0 to 98.5) | 97.6 (96.1 to 98.6) | 97.2 (96.2 to 98.1) | 96.6 (95.5 to 97.7) |
| Average blood oxygen saturation, % | 96.0 (93.2 to 97.9) | 95.0 (91.0 to 97.0) | 96.2 (92.5 to 98.0) | 96.0 (92.0 to 97.8) |
| Average oxygen delivery, L/min | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.5) | 2.8 (2.0 to 3.6) | 2.8 (2.2 to 3.6) | 3.0 (2.3 to 3.9) |
| SpO2-Hgb saturation delta | 1.5 (0.0 to 3.3) | 2.2 (0.6 to 4.9) | 1.2 (−0.2 to 3.6) | 0.8 (−0.7 to 4.1) |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; bpm, beats/min; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CNS, central nervous system; Hgb, hemoglobin; MAP, mean arterial pressure; pCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SpO2, pulse oximetry.
SI conversion factors: To convert albumin to g/L, multiply by 10; ALT and AST to μkat/L, multiply by 0.0167; bilirubin to μmol/L, multiply by 17.104; BUN to mmol/L, multiply by 0.357; creatinine to μmol/L, multiply by 76.25; lactate to mmol/L, multiply by 0.111; pO2 and pCO2 to kPa, multiply by 0.133; sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate to mmol/L, multiply by 1.0.