Table 3.
Staple Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides, and Polyols–containing Foods Across Different Cultural Diets
| FODMAP diets | Galacto-oligosaccharides | Fructo-oligosaccharides | Excess fructose | Lactose | Polyols | Staple low FODMAP foods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western diet96-98 | Lentils Chickpeas Broad beans Kidney beans Pistachio Almonds |
Wheat Onion Garlic Spring onion Pomegranate Watermelon Zucchini |
Banana Mango Watermelon Honey Jam |
Cow’s milk | Sweet potato Avocado Mushroom Watermelon Eggplant Apple |
Rice Peanuts Tomato Fish/meat/chicken Cucumber Spinach Red capsicum Potato |
| Mediterranean diet99,100 | Lentils Chickpeas Broad beans Kidney beans Pistachio Almonds |
Wheat Onion Garlic Pomegranate Watermelon Zucchini Pistachio |
Watermelon Fig Honey |
Cow’s milk | Mushroom Watermelon Eggplant Green capsicum |
Peanuts Tomato Fish/meat/chicken Cucumber Spinach Red capsicum Olives Olive oil Potato Wine |
| Middle Eastern diet101,102 | Lentils Chickpeas Broad beans Kidney beans Tahini Pistachio |
Okra Wheat Couscous Bulgur Onion Garlic Spring onion Dates Pomegranate Watermelon Zucchini Molasses |
Banana Mango Watermelon Molasses Fig |
Cow’s milk Goat’s milk |
Watermelon Eggplant Green capsicum |
Pumpkin seeds Sesame Rice Peanuts Tomato Fish/meat/chicken Spinach Pine nuts Cucumber Red capsicum Olives Olive oil Ghee Camel’s milk |
| East Asian diet93,95 | Lentils Chickpeas Soy bean milk Soy beans Bitter melon Silken tofu Wasabi Taro |
Jackfruit Silken tofu Onion/shallot Garlic Wheat Watermelon |
Banana Mango Jackfruit Watermelon Nashi pear |
Cow’s milk | Wasabi Mushroom Watermelon Coconut Nashi pear |
Soy protein milk Mung bean Rice Rice noodles Peanuts Sesame Soy sauce Fish sauce Hard tofu Bok choy Guava Plantain Durian Fish/meat/chicken Rice bran oil |
| South Asian diet 94 | Lentils Chickpeas Beetroot Soy bean milk Almonds Silken tofu |
Onion/shallot Wheat Beetroot Okra Spring onion Dates Pomegranate Silken tofu Watermelon |
Banana Mango Jackfruit Watermelon |
Cow’s milk Goat’s milk |
Sweet potato Avocado Coconut Watermelon Eggplant |
Soy protein milk Rice noodles Pumpkin seeds Sesame seeds Peanuts Tomato Fish/meat/chicken Ghee Hard tofu |
FODMAP, fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols.