Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictors of reoperation
| Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Reoperation (n=1415) | No reoperation (n=36,998) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Mean age (years)±SD | 62±13 | 61±13 | 0.001 | 1.000 (0.994-1.006) | 0.988 |
| Obese | 823 (58.9) | 19,765 (53.7) | <0.001 | 1.164 (1.023-1.326) | 0.021 |
| African American race | 137 (10.4) | 2946 (8.5) | 0.016 | 1.185 (0.970-1.447) | 0.097 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 87 (6.5) | 1963 (5.6) | 0.160 | ||
| Male gender | 601 (42.5) | 17,171 (46.4) | 0.004 | 0.861 (0.755-0.983) | 0.027 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Smoker | 261 (18.4) | 7234 (19.6) | 0.302 | 0.888 (0.750-1.051) | 0.168 |
| Dyspnea | 122 (8.6) | 2229 (6.0) | <0.001 | 1.191 (0.953-1.489) | 0.124 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 340 (24.0) | 6788 (18.3) | <0.001 | 1.090 (0.937-1.268) | 0.262 |
| COPD | 88 (6.2) | 1659 (4.5) | 0.002 | 1.094 (0.841-1.423) | 0.502 |
| Heart failure | 7 (0.5) | 142 (0.4) | 0.510 | 1.695 (0.670-4.292) | 0.265 |
| Hypertension | 880 (62.2) | 21,665 (58.6) | 0.006 | 1.105 (0.959-1.274) | 0.169 |
| Disseminated cancer | 24 (1.7) | 380 (1.0) | 0.015 | 2.309 (1.316-4.065) | 0.004 |
| Open wound infection | 19 (1.3) | 176 (0.5) | <0.001 | 1.065 (0.573-1.980) | 0.842 |
| Chronic steroid use | 91 (6.4) | 1559 (4.2) | <0.001 | 1.324 (1.038-1.690) | 0.024 |
| Bleeding disorder | 41 (2.9) | 578 (1.6) | <0.001 | 1.495 (1.044-2.140) | 0.028 |
| Preoperative transfusion | 18 (1.3) | 129 (0.3) | <0.001 | 1.829 (1.037-3.226) | 0.037 |
| ASA class ≥3 | 896 (63.4) | 18,758 (50.8) | <0.001 | 1.338 (1.162-1.540) | <0.001 |
| Lab values, mean±SD | |||||
| Creatinine | 1.0±0.6 | 0.9±0.4 | 0.002 | 1.021 (0.916-1.138) | 0.708 |
| White cell count | 7.7±3.0 | 7.4±2.5 | <0.001 | 1.033 (1.013-1.054) | 0.001 |
| Hematocrit | 40.0±4.7 | 40.8±4.4 | <0.001 | 0.994 (0.980-1.008) | 0.411 |
| Platelet | 249±76 | 247±70 | 0.388 | ||
| Procedural factors | |||||
| Pelvic fixation | 60 (7.3a) | 758 (2.0) | <0.001 | 1.298 (0.935-1.802) | 0.119 |
| Has ALIF | 301 (21.3) | 9,628 (26.0) | <0.001 | 0.759 (0.653-0.882) | <0.001 |
| Has ALIF (PF only) | 7 (11.7) | 152 (20.1) | 0.114 | 0.549 (0.219-1.378) | 0.202 |
| Has CAS | 109 (7.7) | 2575 (7.0) | 0.282 | 1.012 (0.796-1.286) | 0.924 |
| Has CAS (PF only) | 18 (30.0) | 147 (19.4) | 0.049 | 1.362 (0.598-3.102) | 0.462 |
| Mean levels fused | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.4 (0.8) | <0.001 | 1.108 (1.035-1.186) | 0.003 |
| Mean interbody fusions | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.1) | 0.158 | 0.982 (0.923-1.044) | 0.557 |
| Length of stay | 8.0 (8.0) | 4.2 (4.5) | <0.001 | 1.085 (1.074-1.096) | <0.001 |
aPercent of patients who required reoperation within pelvic fixation, #Fisher’s exact test. Bold values indicate significance (P<0.05). ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists, ALIF: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion, CAS: Computer-assisted surgery, COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SD: Standard deviation, PF: Pelvic fixation