Figure 1.

Measuring proton efflux rate, PER (a) and oxygen consumption rate, OCR (b) using Real-time ATP rate assay revealed that OXPHOS is the major contributor for the cellular ATP in the BMVs, and both glycolysis and OXPHOS generation of ATP is impaired with aging (c). Total ATP production is decreased in the aged BMVs (e) and % ATP production (d) and ATP rate Index (f) reveal that despite decreased mitochondrial ATP generation, OXPHOS is the major contributor to the ATP levels in the aged vasculature. PER, proton efflux rate; OCR, oxygen consumption rate (pmol of O₂/min/µg protein). Data were represented as mean ± SD and analyzed by student’s t-test. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as the statistical significance. N = 7–10 mice/age group.