Table II.

Observed and expected numbers of deaths and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for selected causes of death in women with lichen planus within a follow-up of more than 5 years

Cause of death	Observed	Expected	SMR	95% CI
All causes	1,813	1,701	1.07	1.02–1.11
All diseases	1,742	1,636	1.06	1.02–1.11
Infections	24	13	1.78	1.14–2.64
Cancer	417	366	1.14	1.03–1.25
Lip	1	0.2	6.85	0.17–38.2
Tongue	8	1	7.25	3.13–14.3
Oral cavity	16	1.53	10.5	5.99–17.0
Pharynx	3	1	3.08	0.64–9.00
Oesophagus	9	6	1.61	0.74–3.05
Larynx	2	0.3	5.89	0.71–21.3
Lung, trachea	50	41	1.22	0.90–1.60
Breast	52	53	0.98	0.73–1.28
Genitals	56	43	1.29	0.97–1.67
Cervix uteri	2	4	0.53	0.06–1.89
Corpus uteri	14	12	1.18	0.65–1.98
Ovary	28	21	1.31	0.87–1.89
Vulva	3	2	1.34	0.28–3.91
Vagina	2	0.7	2.75	0.33–9.92
Skin, non-melanoma	2	1	1.61	0.19–5.80
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	27	16	1.68	1.11–2.44
Hodgkin lymphoma	4	0.6	6.73	1.83–17.2
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases	27	22	1.25	0.82–1.81
Diabetes mellitus	22	18	1.22	0.76–1.83
Dementia, Alzheimer’s disease	223	232	0.96	0.84–1.09
Diseases of circulatory system	766	761	1.01	0.94–1.07
Ischaemic heart diseases	429	403	1.07	0.97–1.16
Other heart diseases	76	73	1.04	0.82–1.29
Cerebrovascular diseases	185	198	0.94	0.81–1.07
Diseases of respiratory system	105	80	1.31	1.07–1.57
Bronchitis, emphysema	35	22	1.57	1.09–2.17
Diseases of digestive system	73	52	1.39	1.09–1.75
Diseases of genitourinary system	28	19	1.44	0.96–2.08
Alcohol related diseases and accidental poisoning by alcohol	11	19	0.59	0.30–1.06
Accidents and violence	68	62	1.09	0.85–1.38
Suicide	9	9	1.00	0.46–1.90