Table I.
Baseline characteristics of patients with vasculitis
| HV n = 21 | IgA vasculitis n = 22 | UV n = 22 | EED n = 3 | PAN n = 4 | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 39.4 ± 22.4 | 27.9 ± 25.5 | 46.8 ± 16.1 | 23.3 ± 21.8 | 31 ± 9.0 | IgA vs. UV 0.018, LCV vs. IgA 0.226, LCV vs. UV 0.506 |
| Age, years, median | 43 | 16 | 45 | 19 | 31.5 | |
| Sex, n (%)a | ||||||
| Male | 13 (61.9) | 12 (54.5) | 2 (9.1) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (25) | UV vs. LCV 0.000 and UV vs. IgA 0.000 |
| Female | 8 (38.1) | 8 (36.4) | 20 (90.9) | 2 (66.7) | 3 (75) | UV vs. LCV 0.000 and UV vs. IgA 0.000 |
| Duration, n (%)a | ||||||
| < 1 week | 5 (26.3) | 6 (27.3) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| 1–4 weeks | 7 (36.8) | 10 (45.5) | 3 (13.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | |
| 1–6 months | 4 (21.1) | 2 (9.1) | 7 (31.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | |
| > 6 months | 3 (15.8) | 2 (9.1) | 11 (50) | 3 (100) | 2 (50) | |
| Direct immunofluorescence, n (%) | ||||||
| C3 | 5 (23.8) | 7 (31.8) | – | – | – | 0.558 |
| IgG | 1 (4.8) | 3 (13.6) | – | – | – | 0.317 |
| IgM | 4 (19) | 5 (22.7) | – | – | – | 0.767 |
| IgA | 0 (0) | 22 (100) | – | – | – | 0.000 |
| Fibrinogen | 6 (28.6) | 2 (10.0) | – | – | – | 0.101 |
| 0 | 7 (33.3) | 0 (0) | – | – | – | 0.001 |
| Systemic involvement, n (%) | 7 (33.3) | 16 (80) | – | – | – | 0.003 |
| Joint involvement | 4 (19) | 9 (45) | – | – | – | 0.074 |
| Renal | ||||||
| Nephrotic range proteinuria | 2 (9.5) | 4 (20) | – | – | – | 0.343 |
| Haematuria | 3 (14.3) | 2 (10.0) | – | – | – | 0.675 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||||
| Abdominal pain | 3 (14.3) | 8 (40) | – | – | – | 0.063 |
| Haematochezia | 2 (9.5) | 4 (20) | – | – | – | 0.343 |
| Aetiology, n (%) | ||||||
| Idiopathic | 6 (28.6) | 8 (40) | – | – | – | 0.440 |
| Infection | 6 (28.6) | 7 (35) | – | – | – | 0.658 |
| Drug | 5 (23.8) | 5 (20) | – | – | – | 0.768 |
| Malignancy | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | – | – | – | 0.323 |
| Autoimmune | 3 (14.3) | 1 (5) | – | – | – | 0.317 |
a
2 missing (9.1).
*
p-value for difference between groups by x2 test for proportions, 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and Kruskal–Wallis 1-way ANOVA for ordinal variables
SD: standard deviation; HV: hypersensitivity vasculitis; UV: urticarial vasculitis; EED: erythema elevatum diutinum; PAN: polyarteritis nodosa; LCV: leukocytoclastic vasculitis.