Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of male participants in 2011–2016 NHANESa
| Total | Tertile 1 of TT | Tertile 2 of TT | Tertile 3 of TT | p value b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbers of subjects | 3750 | 1249 | 1250 | 1250 | - |
| Age, year | 57.961 ± 10.701 | 58.283 ± 10.926 | 57.926 ± 10.814 | 57.670 ± 10.356 | 0.357 |
| Race | 0.167 | ||||
| Mexican American | 545 (14.533%) | 181 (14.492%) | 191 (15.280%) | 173 (13.840%) | |
| Other Hispanic | 413 (11.013%) | 134 (10.729%) | 138 (11.040%) | 141 (11.280%) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1459 (38.907%) | 499 (39.952%) | 452 (36.160%) | 507 (40.560%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 785 (20.933%) | 250 (20.016%) | 264 (21.120%) | 271 (21.680%) | |
| Others | 548 (14.613%) | 185 (14.812%) | 205 (16.400%) | 158 (12.640%) | |
| Income-poverty ratio | 0.028 | ||||
| Low | 1051 (30.455%) | 370 (32.118%) | 313 (27.265%) | 368 (32.000%) | |
| Middle | 1187 (34.396%) | 369 (32.031%) | 426 (37.108%) | 392 (34.087%) | |
| High | 1213 (35.149%) | 413 (35.851%) | 409 (35.627%) | 390 (33.913%) | |
| Education level | 0.004 | ||||
| Less than high school | 920 (25.075%) | 296 (24.144%) | 291 (23.833%) | 333 (27.273%) | |
| High school or GED | 792 (21.586%) | 266 (21.697%) | 237 (19.410%) | 288 (23.587%) | |
| Above high school | 1957 (53.339%) | 664 (54.160%) | 693 (56.757%) | 600 (49.140%) | |
| Marital status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Married/living with partner | 2686 (71.627%) | 933 (74.700%) | 906 (72.480%) | 846 (67.680%) | |
| Living alone | 1064 (28.373%) | 316 (25.300%) | 344 (27.520%) | 404 (32.320%) | |
| BMI | < 0.001 | ||||
| Normal weight | 855 (23.083%) | 142 (11.564%) | 256 (20.712%) | 457 (36.885%) | |
| Over-weight | 1516 (40.929%) | 447 (36.401%) | 544 (44.013%) | 525 (42.373%) | |
| Obese | 1333 (35.988%) | 639 (52.036%) | 436 (35.275%) | 257 (20.743%) | |
| CAD score | < 0.001 | ||||
| None | 1555 (43.051%) | 417 (35.071%) | 518 (42.845%) | 620 (51.113%) | |
| Slight | 1018 (28.184%) | 324 (27.250%) | 350 (28.950%) | 344 (28.359%) | |
| Heavy | 1039 (28.765%) | 448 (37.679%) | 341 (28.205%) | 249 (20.528%) | |
| Time of venipuncture | < 0.001 | ||||
| Morning | 1830 (48.800%) | 475 (38.030%) | 580 (46.400%) | 774 (61.920%) | |
| Afternoon | 1398 (37.280%) | 548 (43.875%) | 485 (38.800%) | 365 (29.200%) | |
| Evening | 522 (13.920%) | 226 (18.094%) | 185 (14.800%) | 111 (8.880%) | |
| Smoking | < 0.001 | ||||
| Never | 1593 (42.514%) | 523 (41.907%) | 562 (44.960%) | 507 (40.625%) | |
| Former | 1486 (39.658%) | 561 (44.952%) | 491 (39.280%) | 434 (34.776%) | |
| Current | 668 (17.828%) | 164 (13.141%) | 197 (15.760%) | 307 (24.599%) | |
| Alcohol drinking | 0.001 | ||||
| None | 2471 (71.169%) | 856 (74.177%) | 812 (70.732%) | 802 (68.606%) | |
| Moderate | 406 (11.694%) | 142 (12.305%) | 122 (10.627%) | 142 (12.147%) | |
| Heavy | 595 (17.137%) | 156 (13.518%) | 214 (18.641%) | 225 (19.247%) | |
| Physical activity | 0.006 | ||||
| Less than Moderate | 2026 (54.099%) | 716 (57.464%) | 646 (51.721%) | 663 (53.082%) | |
| Moderate | 342 (9.132%) | 120 (9.631%) | 122 (9.768%) | 100 (8.006%) | |
| Vigorous | 1377 (36.769%) | 410 (32.905%) | 481 (38.511%) | 486 (38.911%) | |
| Total testosterone, ng/dL | 399.048 ± 184.780 | 1.800–306.850c | 307.000–447.160c | 447.580–2543.990c | - |
| Estradiol, pg/mL | 24.571 ± 9.755 | 20.368 ± 7.959 | 24.406 ± 8.930 | 28.710 ± 10.312 | < 0.001 |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 48.421 ± 25.298 | 34.494 ± 16.738 | 43.998 ± 16.706 | 65.851 ± 28.869 | < 0.001 |
| Testosterone/estradiol ratio | 0.050 ± 0.022 | 0.036 ± 0.015 | 0.048 ± 0.015 | 0.065 ± 0.023 | < 0.001 |
| Testosterone deficiency | - | ||||
| No | 2589 (69.058%) | - | - | - | |
| Yes | 1160 (30.942%) | - | - | - | |
| S-Klotho, pg/mLd | 791.000, 787.050 648.700–963.075 | 777.701, 768.400 633.200–953.800 | 783.731, 782.200 644.600–948.250 | 811.953, 808.400 670.625–988.050 | 0.003 |
Abbreviation: NHANES The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, GED General educational development, BMI Body mass index, CAD score The cardiovascular disease score, SHBG The sex hormone-binding globulin
a Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and categorical variables are presented as numbers (proportion)
b P values of differences among different TT tertiles were calculated by Kruscal Whallis H test (continuous variables) or chi-square test (categorical variables)
c Ranges of total testosterone tertiles were presented as Min–Max
d S-Klotho concentration is presented in geometric mean, median, upper and lower quartiles due to its highly skew distribution