Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants at baseline.
| Characteristic | Periodontitis | Control | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 345,753 (50.0) | 345,753 (50.0) | ||
| Sex, N (%) | Male | 196,341 (56.8) | 196,341 (56.8) | 1.000 |
| Female | 149,412 (43.2) | 149,412 (43.2) | ||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 51.4 (8.2) | 51.4 (8.2) | 1.000 | |
| Household income, N (%) | Low | 52,532 (15.2) | 52,532 (15.2) | 1.000 |
| Medium-low | 53,424 (15.5) | 53,424 (15.5) | ||
| Medium-high | 84,465 (24.4) | 84,465 (24.4) | ||
| High | 155,332 (44.9) | 155,332 (44.9) | ||
| Smoking status, N (%) | No | 228,907 (66.2) | 234,588 (67.9) | <.001 |
| Former smoker | 39,788 (11.5) | 35,083 (10.2) | ||
| Yes | 77,058 (22.3) | 76,082 (22.0) | ||
| Alcohol consumption, N (%) | No | 246,028 (71.2) | 244,879 (70.8) | .002 |
| Yes | 99,725 (28.8) | 100,874 (29.2) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.1 (3.0) | 24.0 (3.1) | <.001 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 124.2 (16.3) | 124.8 (16.6) | <.001 | |
| Fasting serum glucose, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 97.7 (27.2) | 96.3 (24.6) | <.001 | |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 198.8 (44.0) | 198.5 (40.2) | .003 | |
SD = standard deviation.
⁎
P values were calculated by a χ2 test or independent t-test.