Table 5.

HRs (95% CIs) for rheumatoid arthritis by sex.

Characteristic		Male (n = 392,682)				Female (n = 298,824)
		Univariate		Multivariate		Univariate		Multivariate
		HR (95% CI)	P*	aHR (95% CI)	P*	HR (95% CI)	P*	aHR (95% CI)	P*
Periodontitis, control = 1	Yes	1.13 (1.11-1.16)	<.001	1.13 (1.11-1.15)	<.001	1.07 (1.06-1.09)	<.001	1.07 (1.06-1.09)	<.001
Age, y		1.03 (1.03-1.03)	<.001	1.03 (1.03-1.03)	<.001	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	<.001	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	<.001
Household income, low = 1	Medium-low	0.99 (0.96-1.03)	.732	1.04 (1.01-1.08)	.023	1.01 (0.98-1.03)	.495	1.00 (0.98-1.03)	.976
	Medium-high	0.93 (0.90-0.96)	<.001	1.01 (0.98-1.04)	.577	1.00 (0.97-1.02)	.787	0.98 (0.96-1.00)	.095
	High	0.90 (0.88-0.93)	<.001	0.97 (0.94-1.00)	.022	0.96 (0.94-0.98)	<.001	0.95 (0.93-0.97)	<.001
Smoking status, no = 1	Former	1.04 (1.01-1.07)	.003	1.07 (1.05-1.10)	<.001	0.98 (0.91-1.06)	.627	0.98 (0.91-1.06)	.616
	Yes	0.87 (0.85-0.89)	<.001	0.94 (0.92-0.96)	<.001	1.12 (1.07-1.18)	<.001	1.09 (1.04-1.15)	<.001
Alcohol consumption, no = 1	Yes	1.00 (0.98-1.01)	.595	1.04 (1.02-1.06)	<.001	1.05 (1.03-1.08)	<.001	1.08 (1.05-1.11)	<.001
Body mass index, kg/m2		1.01 (1.01-1.01)	<.001	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	<.001	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	<.001	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	<.001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg		1.00 (1.00-1.00)	.002	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	<.001	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	.043	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	<.001
Fasting serum glucose, mg/dL		1.00 (1.00-1.00)	.041	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	.123	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	.350	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	.026
Total cholesterol, mg/dL		1.00 (1.00-1.00)	.483	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	.896	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	<.001	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	.864

aHR =adjusted hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.

^⁎P values were calculated by a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.