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. 2022 Jul 10;23:655. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05561-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Representative 3D models showing volumetric assessment of VB, IVD and NP in normal controls, non-severe AIS and severe-AIS using manual segmentation and software of ITK-Snap. Note that the NP is shifted towards the convexity side in severe-AIS patient, which can be clearly seen as bright signal centre within the IVD on coronal reformatted image and as white coloured structure on the 3D volumetric image. IVD, intervertebral disc; NP, nucleus pulposus; A, anterior side; P, posterior side; CV, convex side; CC, concave side for all AIS subjects; R, right side; L, left side for all controls