Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of variables of study participants and bivariate analysis of factors associated with subscale and total scores of the COMDQ-15 in patients with OLP (N = 300)
| Study variables | N (%) | PD |
MT |
SE |
PS |
Total score |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Med (IQR) | P | Med (IQR) | P | Med (IQR) | P | Med (IQR) | P | Med (IQR) | P | ||
| Gender† | |||||||||||
| Female | 234 (78) | 10 (6, 14) | 0.064 | 4 (1, 6) | 0.58 | 6 (3, 10) | 0.305 | 2 (1, 4) | 0.468 | 22 (15, 32) | 0.125 |
| Male | 66 (22) | 9 (4, 12) | 3 (1, 6) | 5 (2, 10) | 2 (0, 4) | 19 (11, 31) | |||||
| Ethnicity‡ | |||||||||||
| White¶ | 204 (68) | 9 (5.5, 13) | 0.03 | 3 (1, 5) | 0.000* | 5 (2, 8) | 0.000* | 2 (0, 4) | 0.165 | 19 (13, 28.5) | 0.000* |
| Mixed | 6 (2) | 6.5 (3, 15) | 2.5 (1, 8) | 7.5 (1, 13) | 1.5 (1, 3) | 19 (5, 40) | |||||
| Asian | 79 (26.33) | 11 (8, 15) | ¶ | 5 (3, 8) | ¶,* | 9 (5, 15) | ¶,* | 2 (1, 4) | 29 (19, 40) | ¶,* | |
| Black | 11 (3.67) | 10 (4, 15) | 6 (4, 7) | 12 (3, 15) | 3 (2, 4) | ||||||
| Smoking‡ | 30 (17, 37) | ||||||||||
| Non-smoker | 228 (76) | 9 (6, 13) | 0.507 | 4 (1, 6) | 0.626 | 5.5 (3, 10) | 0.687 | 2 (1, 4) | 0.743 | 21 (13, 32) | 0.95 |
| Ex-smoker | 59 (19.67) | 9 (6, 14) | 4 (1, 5) | 6 (3, 10) | 3 (0, 4) | 21 (15, 30) | |||||
| Current smoker | 13 (4.33) | 13 (5, 17) | 4 (1, 7) | 5 (1, 12) | 2 (1, 2) | 23 (13, 37) | |||||
| Alcohol‡ | |||||||||||
| No¶ | 104 (34.67) | 10 (7, 15) | 0.058 | 4 (2, 7) | 0.002* | 8 (3.5, 13) | 0.002* | 2 (1, 4) | 0.45 | 24.5 (15, 36.5) | 0.002* |
| ≤ 14 units/week†† | 173 (57.67) | 9 (6, 13) | 4 (1, 6) | 5 (3, 10) | ¶ | 2 (0, 4) | 21 (13, 30) | ||||
| > 14 units/week | |||||||||||
| Co-morbidity‡: | 23 (7.67) | 7 (5, 12) | 1 (1, 3) | ¶,*,†† | 3 (2, 6) | ¶,* | 1 (1, 3) | 17 (9, 21) | ¶,* | ||
| No¶ | 71 (17) | 8 (4, 12) | 0.004 | 3 (1, 6) | 0.19 | 4 (2, 8) | 0.015 | 2 (0, 4) | 0.961 | 17 (13, 25) | 0.007 |
| 1 co-morbidity†† | 72 (24) | 8 (5, 13) | ¶ | 3.5 (1, 6) | 5 (3, 9.5) | ¶ | 2 (1, 4) | 21 (13, 28) | |||
| ≥ 2 co-morbidities | 177 (59) | 10 (7, 15) | 4 (2, 7) | 7 (3, 12) | 2 (1, 4) | 24 (15, 35) | ¶ | ||||
| Clinical types‡ | |||||||||||
| Keratotic¶ | 51 (18.33) | 7 (3, 13) | 0.001* | 2 (0, 5) | 0.013 | 5 (2, 8) | 0.041 | 2 (1, 4) | 0.437 | 18 (11, 27) | 0.004 |
| Erythematous†† | 201 (67) | 10 (6, 13) | ¶ | 4 (1, 6) | ¶ | 5 (3, 10) | ¶ | 2 (0, 4) | 21 (14, 31) | ||
| Erosive/ulcerative | 44 (14.67) | 12 (9, 15) | ¶,* | 5 (3, 7) | 8 (4.5, 12) | 2 (1, 5) | 28 (20.5, 35) | ¶,*,†† | |||
| Extraoral LP† | |||||||||||
| No | 226 (75.33) | 9 (5, 13) | 3 (1, 6) | 6 (3, 10) | 2 (1, 4) | 20 (13, 31) | |||||
| Yes/genital | 47 (15.67) | 10 (7, 15) | 0.092 | 4 (1, 6) | 0.618 | 7 (3, 13) | 0.194 | 2 (0, 4) | 0.102 | 25 (14, 36) | 0.285 |
| Yes/skin | 38 (12.67) | 12 (7, 15) | 0.029 | 5 (2, 8) | 0.009 | 7.5 (4, 15) | 0.047 | 3 (1, 5) | 0.05 | 29 (17, 41) | 0.006 |
| Treatment‡ | |||||||||||
| No/only Tanes¶ | 47 (15.67) | 3 (2, 8) | 0.000* | 0 (0, 3) | 0.000* | 2 (1, 6) | 0.000* | 1 (0, 4) | 0.1 | 9 (5, 17) | 0.000* |
| TCS alone†† | 178 (59.33) | 10 (6, 13) | ¶,* | 4 (2, 6) | ¶,* | 6 (3, 10) | ¶,* | 2 (1, 4) | 22 (15, 31) | ¶,* | |
| TCS + other TTx | 65 (21.67) | 13 (9, 16) | ¶,*,†† | 5 (3, 6) | ¶,* | 8 (5, 13) | ¶,*,†† | 2 (1, 4) | 29 (20, 37) | ¶,*,†† | |
| TTx + STx | 10 (3.33) | 10.5 (6, 15) | ¶ | 5 (1, 8) | ¶,* | 8 (5, 13) | ¶ | 2.5 (1, 5) | 25 (18, 44) | ¶,* | |
| Age (years)§ | 65.5 (55.2, 71) | 0.004 | 0.945 | -0.094 | 0.103 | –0.093 | 0.107 | –0.168 | 0.003 | –0.087 | 0.136 |
| Disease duration (years)§ | 6.3 (2.7, 10.5) | 0.049 | 0.394 | 0.061 | 0.295 | –0.031 | 0.599 | –0.005 | 0.931 | 0.027 | 0.646 |
| NRS for pain§ | 3 (1, 5) | 0.649 | 0.000* | 0.503 | 0.000* | 0.533 | 0.000* | 0.219 | 0.000* | 0.647 | 0.000* |
| HADS-Anxiety§ | 6 (3, 9) | 0.348 | 0.000* | 0.301 | 0.000* | 0.531 | 0.000* | 0.207 | 0.000* | 0.457 | 0.000* |
| HADS-Depression§ | 4 (1, 6) | 0.387 | 0.000* | 0.372 | 0.000* | 0.5 | 0.000* | 0.23 | 0.000* | 0.497 | 0.000* |
| HADS-total (Distress)§ | 10 (5, 15) | 0.398 | 0.000* | 0.352 | 0.000* | 0.564 | 0.000* | 0.241 | 0.000* | 0.517 | 0.000* |
| PSS-10 (Perceived stress)§ | 16 (11, 21) | 0.406 | 0.000* | 0.337 | 0.000* | 0.54 | 0.000* | 0.237 | 0.000* | 0.513 | 0.000* |
| ODSS total (disease severity)§ | 15 (8, 24) | 0.559 | 0.000* | 0.423 | 0.000* | 0.403 | 0.000* | 0.194 | 0.000* | 0.53 | 0.000* |
| ODSS-site§ | 6 (3, 8) | 0.395 | 0.000* | 0.307 | 0.000* | 0.282 | 0.000* | 0.142 | 0.014 | 0.382 | 0.000* |
| ODSS-activity§ | 6 (2, 10) | 0.47 | 0.000* | 0.338 | 0.000* | 0.319 | 0.000* | 0.184 | 0.000* | 0.436 | 0.000* |
| All subjects | 300 (100) | 9 (6, 14) | – | 4 (1, 6) | – | 6 (3, 10) | – | 2 (1, 4) | – | 21 (14, 32) | – |
Bold value = P-value < 0.05.
STx, systemic treatment; Tanes, topical anaesthetic agents; TCS, topical corticosteroids; TTx, topical treatment.
†
Mann—Whitney U-test.
‡
Kruskal—Wallis test.
§
Spearman's rho correlation coefficients.
¶
Significant difference with the first reference group.
††
Significant difference with the second reference group.
⁎
Statistical significance at Bonferroni-corrected P-value of 0.003.