The observed mediation model relating attuned caregiving to joint attention and executive outcomes, including moderation by INR. All coefficients are standardized (β). **p<.01, *p<.05; On the a path, we controlled for 7–15mo INR, maternal education, and job prestige, as well as sex, state, and race. On the b path, we controlled for 24mo infant focused attention and maternal language input and 7–15mo INR, maternal education, and job prestige as well as sex, state, and race.