Table 1.
Demographic data and baseline frailty screening
| Variable | Overall (n = 942) |
|---|---|
| No. (%) | |
| Sex | |
| Male | 492 (52.2) |
| Female | 450 (47.8) |
| Median age, y (range) | 78 (70-95) |
| Age, y | |
| 70–74 | 299 (31.7) |
| 75–79 | 295 (31.3) |
| 80–84 | 233 (24.7) |
| ≥85 | 115 (12.3) |
| Living situation | |
| Home independent | 489 (51.9) |
| Home with family or caregiver | 445 (47.3) |
| Residential care | 8 (0.8) |
| Medication use | |
| None | 57 (5.9) |
| Median no. of drugs (range) | 4 (1-28) |
| History of falls 6 mo before operation | 92 (9.8) |
| Previous delirium | 52 (5.5) |
| Smoking habits | |
| Yes | 78 (8.3) |
| No (former) | 409 (43.5) |
| No (never) | 454 (48.2) |
| Missing | 1 |
| Cancer site | |
| Endocrine | 8 (0.9) |
| Upper GI | 105 (11.2) |
| Lower GI | 633 (67.8) |
| HBP | 104 (11.1) |
| Soft tissue or bone | 14 (1.5) |
| Thoracic | 36 (3.9) |
| Genito-urinary | 10 (1.1) |
| Gyn | 3 (0.3) |
| Other | 21 (2.2) |
| Unknown | 8 |
| Type of surgery | |
| Curative | 885 (94.8) |
| Palliative | 49 (5.2) |
| Unknown | 8 |
| Surgical approach | |
| Open | 354 (37.9) |
| Minimally invasive | 536 (57.3) |
| Robotic | 36 (3.9) |
| Other | 8 (0.9) |
| Missing | 8 |
| G8 score | |
| G8 ≤ 14a | 648 (68.9) |
| G8 > 14 | 293 (31.1) |
| Missing | 1 |
| fTRST | |
| 0 | 233 (24.8) |
| 1 | 363 (38.6) |
| ≥2a | 345 (36.6) |
| Missing | 1 |
| ADL SCORE | |
| <5a | 76 (8.1) |
| ≥5 | 860 (91.9) |
| Missing | 6 |
| MiniCog Total score | |
| 0–2a | 193 (20.8) |
| 3–5 | 734 (79.2) |
| Missing | 15 |
| ASA score | |
| 1–2 | 467 (50.7) |
| 3–4a | 455 (49.3) |
| Missing | 20 |
| PS ECOG | |
| ECOG 0 | 520 (55.5) |
| ECOG 1 | 274 (29.3) |
| ECOG ≥ 2a | 152 (15.2) |
| Missing | 6 |
| Charlson Age Comorbidity Index | |
| 3–6 | 610 (64.8) |
| ≥7a | 332 (35.2) |
| Timed Up and Go | |
| ≤ 20 s | 790 (94.6) |
| >20 sa | 45 (5.4) |
| Missing | 107 |
| Nutritional status score | |
| Normal | 607 (65.5) |
| Mildly impaired | 230 (24.8) |
| Moderately impaireda | 68 (7.3) |
| Severely impaired | 22 (2.4) |
| Missing | 15 |
| Laboratory tests, median (range) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 40 (20-70) |
| Hgb, g/dL | 12.3 (6.10-17.4) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.15-11.3) |
a
Indicates abnormal values. Please see Supplementary Table 2 (available online) for frailty screening tests and threshold. ADL = activities of daily living; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; PS ECOG = Performance Status Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; fTRST = Flemish version of the Triage Risk Screening Tool ; G8 = Geriatric 8; GI = gastrointestinal; HBP = pancreas, duodenum, liver, biliary tree; Hgb = hemoglobin; Other = intrabdominal sarcoma, spleen, pelvic recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma, colon cancer with gastric infiltration.