Table 3.
Univariate analysis of factors associated with long-term prognosis in all T-ALL patients (n = 74).
| Factors | n | 5-year OS (%) | P value | 5-year EFS (%) | P value | 5-year CIR (%) | P value |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| <10 | 29 | 84.6 (76.4–92.9) | 0.013 | 78.3 (67.2–89.5) | 0.080 | 17.2 (6.1–33.1) | 0.250 |
| ≥10 | 45 | 68.0 (56.3–79.7) | 66.6 (54.3–78.9) | 29.5 (16.8–43.4) | |||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 52 | 77.9 (67.8–88.0) | 0.655 | 75.4 (64.7–86.1) | 0.451 | 21.4 (11.4–33.5) | 0.350 |
| Female | 22 | 72.3 (57.1–87.4) | 66.4 (49.5–83.4) | 32.4 (14.0–52.5) | |||
| WBC (×109/L) | |||||||
| <100 | 44 | 82.3 (72.4–92.2) | 0.090 | 81.8 (71.6–92.0) | 0.015 | 14.0 (5.6–26.2) | 0.006 |
| ≥100 | 30 | 67.2 (53.1–81.2) | 59.5 (44.1–74.9) | 40.2 (22.5–57.3) | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | |||||||
| <100 | 25 | 82.3 (69.0–95.6) | 0.445 | 77.4 (62.1–92.7) | 0.609 | 20.0 (7.1–37.6) | 0.740 |
| ≥100 | 43 | 70.6 (60.3–80.9) | 67.8 (56.8–78.8) | 26.2 (13.9–40.2) | |||
| Platelet count (×109/L) | |||||||
| <50 | 29 | 71.9 (58.3–85.6) | 0.345 | 67.6 (52.9–82.4) | 0.327 | 24.8 (10.7–41.9) | 0.760 |
| ≥50 | 40 | 80.8 (70.3–91.4) | 77.9 (66.4–89.4) | 22.5 (11.0–36.4) | |||
| ETP | |||||||
| Yes | 13 | 65.7 (48.4–83.1) | 0.846 | 64.4 (46.3–82.6) | 0.924 | 16.7 (2.3–42.6) | 0.380 |
| No | 58 | 77.7 (68.2–87.1) | 73.5 (63.1–83.8) | 26.0 (15.5–37.9) | |||
| SIL/TAL1 | |||||||
| Negative | 59 | 76.3 (66.6–85.9) | 0.829 | 72.4 (62.0–82.7) | 0.703 | 24.2 (14.0–35.9) | 0.950 |
| Positive | 13 | 75.3 (57.4–93.3) | 74.4 (55.5–93.3) | 23.1 (5.1–48.5) | |||
| TCR gene rearrangement | |||||||
| Negative | 58 | 78.6 (69.1–88.1) | 0.587 | 74.7 (64.5–85.0) | 0.686 | 22.6 (12.8–34.2) | 0.640 |
| Positive | 14 | 66.0 (46.6–85.3) | 64.5 (44.2–84.8) | 29.3 (8.3–54.6) | |||
| WT1 | |||||||
| Negative | 32 | 73.0 (59.5–86.5) | 0.538 | 66.5 (51.8–81.2) | 0.275 | 28.7 (14.0–45.2) | 0.360 |
| Positive | 40 | 75.5 (65.8–85.1) | 74.3 (64.0–84.6) | 20.0 (9.3–33.7) | |||
| CNSL at initial diagnosis | |||||||
| Yes | 4 | 48.0 (13.3–82.7) | 0.183 | 46.6 (10.5–82.7) | 0.294 | 50.0 (2.3–88.1) | 0.210 |
| No | 70 | 77.8 (69.2–86.4) | 74.2 (64.9–83.5) | 23.2 (14.0–33.7) | |||
| CR after IT | |||||||
| Yes | 66 | 78.9 (70.2–87.6) | 0.105 | 75.4 (65.9–84.8) | 0.164 | 22.9 (13.5–33.6) | 0.360 |
| No | 8 | 40.1 (26.1–54.2) | 36.4 (20.4–52.5) | 41.7 (6.9–75.1) | |||
| MRD after IT | |||||||
| Negative | 55 | 76.4 (67.0–85.7) | 0.816 | 72.2 (61.9–82.4) | 0.978 | 25.5 (14.8–33.7) | 0.620 |
| Positive | 16 | 64.5 (47.9–81.2) | 63.8 (46.7–81.0) | 19.8 (4.4–43.1) | |||
| MRD at 3 months | |||||||
| Negative | 63 | 79.4 (70.6–88.2) | 0.163 | 75.6 (66.0–85.2) | 0.299 | 22.4 (13.0–33.5) | 0.530 |
| Positive | 10 | 63.4 (37.8–88.9) | 62.3 (35.8–88.7) | 31.4 (6.3–61.6) | |||
| MRD re-emergence | |||||||
| Yes | 19 | 56.0 (38.3–73.6) | 0.005 | 48.9 (30.3–67.5) | 0.002 | 57.9 (32.0–76.9) | <0.001 |
| No | 55 | 83.5 (74.6–92.4) | 81.3 (71.7–90.8) | 12.9 (5.6–23.3) | |||
| Chemotherapy regimen | |||||||
| CCLG-ALL-2008 protocol | 37 | 81.1 (72.1–90.1) | 0.046 | 77.9 (67.6–88.3) | 0.060 | 16.4 (6.5–30.2) | 0.100 |
| Modified BFM protocol | 37 | 68.1 (55.2–81.0) | 64.6 (50.9–78.2) | 32.8 (18.2–48.2) | |||
| Transplant | |||||||
| Yes | 27 | 81.0 (68.1–93.9) | 0.505 | 80.1 (66.6–93.7) | 0.272 | 11.6 (2.8–27.4) | 0.050 |
| No | 47 | 69.5 (59.5–79.6) | 64.7 (53.8–75.7) | 31.9 (19.1–45.5) |
Data are presented as mean percentage of incidence (95% CI). ALL: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; BFM: Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster; CNSL: Central nervous system leukemia; CCLG-ALL-2008: Chinese Children Leukemia Group-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-2008; CR: Complete remission; CI: Confidence interval; CIR: Cumulative incidence of relapse; ETP: Early T-cell precursor; EFS: Event-free survival; IT: Induction therapy; MRD: Minimal residual disease; OS: Overall survival; TCR: T-cell receptor; T-ALL: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; WBC: White blood cell; WT1: Wilms tumor 1 gene.