Table 2.

Patient's neuropsychological and motor assessment.

Test/Scale	Domains	Description
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)	Global Cognition	MMSE is a set of 30 questions that doctors and other healthcare professionals commonly use to check for cognitive impairment (problems with thinking, communication, understanding and memory). It includes tests of orientation, attention, memory, language and visual-spatial skills. The total score is between a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 30 points. A score equal to or less than 18 indicates a severe impairment of cognitive abilities; a score between 18 and 24 indicates moderate to mild impairment, a score of 25 is considered borderline, and a score of 26 to 30 indicates cognitive normality.
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)	Psychiatric Symptoms	BPRS may use to measure psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, hallucinations and unusual behaviour. The scale is one of the oldest, most widely used scales to measure psychotic symptoms.The BPRS consists of 18 items measuring the following factors: anxiety, emotional withdrawal, conceptual disorganization, guilt feelings, tension, mannerisms and posturing, grandiosity, depressive moods, hostility, suspiciousness, hallucinatory behavior, motor hyperactivity, uncooperativeness, unusual thought content, blunted affect, somatic concern, excitement, and disorientation.
Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB)	Executive Functions	The FAB is a brief tool that can be used at the bedside or in a clinic setting to assist in discriminating between dementias with a frontal dysexecutive phenotype and Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (DAT). The FAB has validity in distinguishing Fronto-temporal type dementia from DAT in mildly demented patients (MMSE > 24). Total score is from a maximum of 18, higher scores indicating better performance.
Functional Communication Scale (FCS)	Communication Abilities	FCS is a specialist language questionnaire of verbal and non-verbal abilities to investigate global communication, which evaluates the language abilities (verbal and non-verbal communication skills); it is carried out by the speech therapist to investigate the different items: motivation, collaboration, understanding and language abilities; Response options range from 0 to 22.
CDT (Clock’drawing test)	Executive Function Visual-Spatial Processing	CDT is a non-verbal screening tool in which the patient is asked to draw a clock. It is used to quickly assess visuospatial and praxis abilities, and may determine the presence of both attention and executive dysfunctions; The CDT may be used in addition to other quick screening tests such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The patient is then asked to draw the hands on the clock to indicate “10 min past 11 o’clock.” Moreover, it also assesses long-term memory, auditory processing, motor programming, and frustration tolerance. The maximum score of the free drawing version is 15 (only this condition is not adjusted and corrected for age); the maximum score of the pre-drawn clock is 13, the maximum score of the designed clock by the examiner is 33.
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D)	Depression symptoms	HRS-D is the most widely used clinician-administered depression assessment scale. A later 21-item version (HDRS21) included 4 items intended to subtype the depression, but which are sometimes, incorrectly, used to rate severity. Method for scoring varies by version. Not depressed: 0–7; Mild (subthreshold): 8–13; Moderate (mild): 14–8; Severe (moderate): 19–22; Very severe (severe): >23.
Disability Rating Scale (DRS)	Level of Disability	DRS is primarily used to assess impairment, disability, and handicap of an individual. An impairment rating is based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale, such as “Eye Opening,” “Communication Ability,” and “Motor Response.” Disability assesses the cognitive ability of the individual. Score from 0 – Normal status to 29 – Extreme Vegetative State (or possible death).
Functional Indipendence Measure (FIM)	Functional Status	The FIM is an ordinal scale composed of 18 items with seven levels ranging from 1 (total dependence) to 7 (total independence) designed to determine the level of disability of patients, as reflected by their need for assistance and/or aids during the execution of activities of daily living.The FIM can be subdivided into a 13-item motor subscale (motFIM) and a 5-item cognitive subscale (cognFIM). The ranges of scoring for the motor and cognitive subscales are 13 to 91 and 5 to 35, respectively. A good interrater reliability has been demonstrated both for the TCT and for the FIM.
Trunk Control Test (TCT)	Trunk Movement Patterns	The TCT examines four axial movements: rolling from a supine position to the weak side (T1) and to the strong side (T2), sitting up from a lying-down position (T3), and sitting in a balanced position on the edge of the bed with feet off the ground for 30 s (T4). The scoring is as follows: 0, unable to perform movement without assistance; 12, able to perform movement but in an abnormal manner; and 25, able to complete movement normally. The TCT score is the sum of the scores obtained on the four tests (range, 0–100). The examiner's score must relate solely to the performance during the test and not be based on referred data.