Table 3.

Abnormalities in cytokine response in ME/CFS

Cytokines	Modification	References
IL-8	Increased	[73]
IL-8	Decreased	[72]
IL-5	Decreased	[72, 73]
IL-5	Increased	[73, 88]
IL-12p40	Increased	[89]
IL23	Decreased	[73]
CD40L	Decreased	[72]
IFN-γ	Increased	[71, 72, 88]
IFN-γ	Decreased	[66]
IL16	Decreased	[87, 90]
IL17	Decreased	[66, 72, 87, 90–92]
IL-17f	Increased	[88]
VEGF-A	Decreased	[90]
TNF-α	Increased	[71, 79, 85, 88, 93]
TNF-α	Decreased	[71, 92]
TNF-β	Decreased	[72]
IL-1	Increased	[79, 93]
Il-6	Increased	[73, 79]
IL-1β	Decreased	[72, 92]
IL-1β	Increased	[73]
IL-1a	Increased	[73]
IL-1a	Decreased	[72]
IL-4	Decreased	[92]
IL-4	Increased	[88]
IL-6	Decreased	[92]
IL-7	Increased	[85, 88]
IL-12p70	Increased	[88]
CCL11	Increased	[72]
CXCL10	Increased	[72]
CSF-1	Increased	[89]
IL-10	Increased	[94]
IL-10	Decreased	[71, 72, 92]
CCL11 (Eotaxin-1)	Increased	[85, 88]
CXCL1 (GROα)	Increased	[88]
CXCL10 (IP-10)	Increased	[85, 88]
IL-13	Increased	[88]
M-CSF, GM-CSF, LIF, NGF, SCF	Increased	[88]
CXCL9 (MIG)	Decreased	[88]
TGF-β	Increased	[87, 88]
TGF-ß3	Decreased	[92]
TGF-ß2	Decreased	[92]
TGF-ß1	Decreased	[85, 92]