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. 2022 Jul 12;13:4032. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31551-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic illustration of US-triggered deep-tissue activation of SPINs to release immunomodulators. b Schematic illustration of sonodynamic activation of SPINs to debulk tumor, enhance tumor immunogenicity, and release immunomodulators in situ as well as synergetic action of IDO inhibition and PD-L1 blocking on enhancing antitumor immunity with alleviated irAEs relative to free-drug administration.