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. 2022 Jun 29;13:854202. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854202

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Copyright © 2022 Wu, Bao, Liu, Zhang, Huang, Quan, Li, Xiong, Chen and Hou

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mice with chronic stress exhibited negative emotional behaviors. (A) Representative heat maps for CONT, CUMS, and CORT groups in OF test were presented, and center time% and total distance were analyzed (two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, ***P < 0.001, compared with CONT; n = 12). (B) Representative heat maps for CONT, CUMS, and CORT groups in EPM test were presented, and open arm time% and open arm entries% were analyzed (two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, compared with CONT; n = 12). (C) Experimental protocol and representative trajectory images for CONT, CUMS, and CORT groups in NOR test were presented, and recognition index of investigations and time was analyzed (paired Student’s t-test, ***P < 0.001, compared with training. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, ### P < 0.001, compared with CONT-testing; n = 12). (D) Experimental protocol for SP test was presented, and sucrose preference was analyzed (paired Student’s t-test, ***P < 0.001, compared with water–water. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, ###P < 0.001, compared with CONT–water–sucrose; n = 12). (E) Experimental protocol for FS test was presented, and immobility time% was analyzed (two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, ***P < 0.001, compared with CONT; n = 12). (F) Experimental protocol for TS test was presented, and immobility time% was analyzed (Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc testpost hoc, ***P < 0.001, compared with CONT; n = 12).