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. 2022 Jun 29;13:944139. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944139

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Copyright © 2022 Codolo, Coletta, D’Elios and de Bernard

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immune modulating activities of HP-NAP applied to the treatment of allergy and cancer. (A) The delivery of pollen allergens to sub-epithelial APC that initiates the priming of T helper 2 (Th2) cells is a key step in the immunopathology of allergy. Treatment with HP-NAP stimulates APC to secrete IL-12 which mediate the skewing of Th2 lymphocytes towards a Th1 profile. This impacts on the allergic cascade and ameliorates the subsequent symptoms. (B) HP-NAP can potentiate weak natural Th1 responses, that per se are unable to exert protection against tumors (left) and shift the profile of macrophages from pro-oncogenic to pro-inflammatory and anti-tumoral (right). This results in a regression of tumor mass. Figure created with BioRender.com.