Table 1.
Women with a singleton pregnancy: maternal demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes first year of COVID-19 compared with pre-COVID in a NSW metropolitan health district
| Characteristics | Pre-COVID-19 n=23 722, N (%) |
COVID-19 n=10 381, N (%) |
P value |
| Clinical and demographic characteristics | |||
| Maternal age group years | |||
| <20 | 38 (0.2) | 46 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| 20–24 | 614 (2.6) | 452 (3.1) | |
| 25–34 | 11 335 (47.8) | 5 835 (56.2) | |
| 35–39 | 8 939 (37.7) | 3 335 (32.1) | |
| >39 | 2 796 (11.8) | 713 (6.9) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| South Asian | 6047 (25.5) | 2 950 (28.4) | <0.001 |
| Caucasian/European | 3 307 (13.9) | 1 886 (18.1) | |
| South-East Asian | 3249 (13.7) | 1 357 (13.1) | |
| Middle Eastern | 8116 (34.2) | 3827 (36.9) | |
| Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander | 338 (1.4) | 188 (1.8) | |
| Unknown/missing* | 2665 (11.2) | 173 (1.7) | |
| Australian born | 7 809 (32.9) | 3 648 (35.1) | <0.001 |
| SES disadvantage | |||
| Quintile 1 (most disadvantaged) | 5 367 (22.7) | 2 361 (22.8) | 0.04 |
| Quintile 2 | 5 721 (24.1) | 2 568 (24.8) | |
| Quintile 3 | 3 508 (14.8) | 1 494 (14.4) | |
| Quintile 4 | 3 291 (13.9) | 1 528 (14.7) | |
| Quintile 5 (least disadvantaged) | 5 809 (24.6) | 2 416 (23.3) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) at booking | |||
| <18.50 | 1 116 (4.7) | 417 (4.5) | 0.02 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 11 981 (50.5) | 5 207 (50.2) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 6 317 (26.3) | 2 875 (27.3) | |
| ≥30.0 | 4 308 (18.2) | 1 922 (18.5) | |
| Nulliparous | 10 331 (43.6) | 4 475 (43.1) | 0.45 |
| Assisted conception | 1 050 (4.4) | 471 (4.5) | 0.65 |
| Current smoking at booking | 1 380 (5.8) | 619 (6.0) | 0.60 |
| Disclosed domestic violence | 340 (1.5) | 141 (1.5) | 0.69 |
| Diagnosed mental illness | 3 083 (13.0) | 1 552 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| History of hypertension | 844 (3.6) | 327 (3.2) | 0.06 |
| History of diabetes (T1DM, T2DM) | 265 (1.3) | 114 (1.3) | 0.93 |
| History of gestational diabetes | 1555 (6.6) | 738 (7.1) | 0.06 |
| Health service characteristics | |||
| <10 weeks gestation first comprehensive assessment | 15 221 (64.4) | 8360 (80.8) | <0.001 |
| Model of care | |||
| Low-risk hospital | 15 210 (64.1) | 6768 (65.2) | <0.01 |
| Hospital complex medical | 6 775 (28.6) | 3096 (29.4) | |
| Private maternity | 1 635 (6.9) | 611 (5.9) | |
| No antenatal care | 102 (0.4) | 38 (0.4) | |
| Antenatal admission to hospital | 2 863 (12.1) | 1 044 (10.1) | <0.001 |
| Postnatal maternal length of stay <one day | 3 674 (15.5) | 2 000 (19.1) | <0.001 |
| Postnatal maternal length of stay (days, median IQR) | 2.02 (1.51) | 2.00 (1.68) | <0.001 |
Pre-COVID-19=1 January 2018–31 January 2020, COVID-19 = 1 February 2020–31 January 2021.
Low-risk hospital: Midwifery care and shared antenatal care (general Practitioner/family doctor); Hospital complex medical care: Hospital based medical and high-risk clinic; Private maternity care: obstetrician and privately practicing midwife.
T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
*Missing due to ethnicity as routine collection introduced mid-2018.
BMI, body mass index; NSW, New South Wales; SES, Socio Economic Status (Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage); T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.