Table 4.

Response profiles of need satisfaction and difficulties.

	Negative response		Positive response
	N	%	N	%
Need satisfaction a
1. Prevent infection of COVID-19	344	20.87	1,304	79.13
2. Keep physical fitness	639	38.77	1,009	61.23
3. Keep good emotional health	525	31.86	1,123	68.14
4. Maintain a sound financial condition	543	32.95	1,105	67.05
5. Have a good learning environment	461	27.97	1,187	72.03
6. Have effective online learning strategy	555	33.68	1,093	66.32
7. Have self-discipline	640	38.83	1,008	61.17
8. Have technology literacy	408	24.76	1,240	75.24
9. Make new friends at the University	878	53.28	770	46.72
10. Go out with friends	668	40.53	980	59.47
11. Maintain close connection with friends	559	33.92	1,089	66.08
12. Maintain harmony in family	445	27.00	1,203	73.00
13. Feel safe and relax in community	616	37.38	1,032	62.62
14. Have a sense of connection or belonging to the University	882	53.52	766	46.48
15. Get comprehensive and consistent guideline from the University	839	50.91	809	49.09
16. Make new friends at the University	878	53.28	770	46.72
Difficulties b
1. Physical symptoms because of using computer for long hours	433	26.27	1,215	73.73
2. Difficult to exercise	337	20.45	1,311	79.55
3. Emotional symptoms	524	31.80	1,124	68.20
4. Tired of staying at home	461	27.97	1,187	72.03
5. Afraid of going out	647	39.26	1,001	60.74
6. COVID-19 fatigue	474	28.76	1,174	71.24
7. Hard to do or get a part-time work	479	29.07	1,169	70.93
8. Lack of technology literacy	799	48.48	849	51.52
9. The online learning platforms or systems do not work well on my devices	733	44.48	915	55.52
10. Encounter connection problems during online lecture or assessment	722	43.81	926	56.19
11. Easily distracted during online lectures	328	19.90	1,320	80.10
12. Low learning motivation	277	16.81	1,371	83.19
13. Lack of effective online learning strategy	355	21.54	1,293	78.46
14. Hard to find time and a place to meet groupmates when doing group project	479	29.07	1,169	70.93
15. Online communication issues with groupmates	436	26.46	1,212	73.54
16. Free-rider issue in group project	699	42.42	949	57.58
17. Worry about academic performance	275	16.69	1,373	83.31
18. Have conflicts with family members	773	46.91	875	53.09
19. Competition on learning resources and space in family	830	50.36	818	49.64
20. Hard to make new friends	316	19.17	1,332	80.83
21. Hard to meet friends face to face	247	14.99	1,401	85.01
22. Do not have a normal university life	201	12.20	1,447	87.80
23. Hard to do an internship or go on exchange	267	16.20	1,381	83.80
24. Worry about future career	284	17.23	1,364	82.77

Need satisfaction: values in the “Negative response” column greater than 30% are bold, meaning that at least 30% of the participants indicated that their specific needs were not met. Difficulties: values in the “Positive response” column greater than 70% are bold, meaning that more than 70% of the participants experienced difficulties in specific areas.

^a Need satisfaction uses a 6-point Likert scale. Negative responses include options 1 = Not met at all, 2 = Moderately not met, and 3 = Slightly not met. Positive responses contain options 4 = Slightly met, 5 = Moderately met, and 6 = Fully met. Negative response rates above 30% are bolded.

^bDifficulties use a 5-point Likert scale. Negative responses include options 1 (Never) and 2 (Rarely). Positive responses include options 3 (Sometimes), 4 (Often), and 5 (Always). Positive response rates above 70% are bolded.