Table 1. Dimensions of person-centred care according to key definitions and frameworks.
| Reference | Multidimensional definition |
|---|---|
| Gerteis
et al., 1993
43
(Institute of Medicine, 2001 3 adopts the first six dimensions in their own definition of patient-centred care) |
Seven dimensions of person-centred care:
1) respect for patients’ values, preferences and expressed needs; 2) co-ordination and integration of care; 3) information, communication, and education; 4) physical comfort; 5) emotional support and alleviation of fear and anxiety; 6) involvement of family and friends; 7) transition and continuity. |
| Stewart et al., 1995 48 | Patient-centred care…
1) explores the patients' main reason for the visit, concerns, and need for information; 2) seeks an integrated understanding of the patients' world—that is, their whole person, emotional needs, and life issues; 3) finds common ground on what the problem is and mutually agrees on management; 4) enhances prevention and health promotion; 5) enhances the continuing relationship between the patient and the doctor; 6) is realistic given the time and resources available. |
| Stewart
et al., 2013
44
(updated version of
model from Stewart et al., 1995 48 ) |
Four Interactive Components of the Patient-Centered Clinical Method:
1) Exploring Health, Disease, and the Illness Experience; 2) Understanding the Whole Person; 3) Finding Common Ground; 4) Enhancing the Patient-Clinician Relationship. |
| Mead and Bower, 2000 10 | Five ways in which person-centred medicine differs from the biomedical
model: 1) taking a biopsychosocial perspective; 2) seeing the patient as a person; 3) sharing power and responsibility; 4) working to maintain the therapeutic relationship or alliance; 5) acknowledging the doctor-as-person. |
| McCormack and McCance, 2006 46 | Five person-centred processes:
1) working with patient’s beliefs and values; 2) engagement; 3) having sympathetic presence; 4) sharing decision-making; 5) providing for physical needs; underpinned by prerequisite attributes of nurses: 1) being professionally competent; 2) having developed interpersonal skills; 3) being committed to the job; 4) being able to demonstrate clarity of beliefs and values; 5) knowing self; in a care environment which is characterised by: 1) an appropriate skill mix; 2) systems that facilitate shared decision-making; 3) effective staff relationships; 4) supportive organizational systems; 5) the sharing of power; 6) the potential for innovation and risk-taking; and with a range of expected outcomes: 1) satisfaction with care; 2) involvement with care; 3) feeling of well-being; 4) creating a therapeutic culture. |
| Leplege et al., 2007 15 | Person-centredness means:
1) addressing the person’s specific and holistic properties; 2) addressing the person’s difficulties in everyday life; 3) the person as an expert: Participation and empowerment; 4) respect the person ‘behind’ the impairment or the disease. |
| The Health Foundation, 2015 49 | Four principles of person-centred care:
1) Affording people dignity, compassion and respect; 2) Offering coordinated care, support or treatment; 3) Offering personalised care, support or treatment; 4) Supporting people to recognise and develop their own strengths and abilities to enable them to live an independent and fulfilling life. |
| WHO, 2016 50 | People-centred care…
1) consciously adopts the perspectives of individuals, families and communities; 2) sees individuals, families and communities as participants as well as beneficiaries of trusted health systems that respond to their needs and preferences in humane and holistic ways; 3) requires that people have the education and support they need to make decisions and participate in their own care; 4) is organized around the health needs and expectations of people rather than diseases. |