TABLE 2.
Univariate analysis of the associations between clinicopathological parameters and metastasis‐free survival
| Variable | All (n = 561) | PSA persistence (n = 284) | No PSA persistence (n = 277) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P– value | |
| Age at diagnosis, | |||||||||
| <60 years | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| 60–69 years | 0.91 | 0.45–1.83 | 0.79 | 0.93 | 0.40–2.12 | 0.85 | 1.03 | 0.28–3.83 | 0.96 |
| ≥70 years | 1.13 | 0.56–2.29 | 0.73 | 1.65 | 0.73–3.71 | 0.23 | 0.91 | 0.14–2.62 | 0.51 |
| PSA value at diagnosis | |||||||||
| <10 ng/ml | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| ≥10, <20 ng/ml | 0.72 | 0.39–1.32 | 0.29 | 0.57 | 0.28–1.15 | 0.12 | 0.65 | 0.19–2.23 | 0.49 |
| ≥20 ng/ml | 1.23 | 0.71–2.15 | 0.46 | 0.63 | 0.32–1.24 | 0.18 | 2.32 | 0.84–6.40 | 0.11 |
| Percentage of positive biopsy core | |||||||||
| <50% | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| ≥50% | 2.40 | 1.40–4.11 | 0.0014* | 1.75 | 0.97–3.18 | 0.065 | 7.61 | 1.75–33.0 | 0.0067* |
| Clinical T‐stage | |||||||||
| T1 | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| T2 | 1.30 | 0.68–2.49 | 0.43 | 0.91 | 0.45–1.85 | 0.80 | 6.02 | 0.78–46.4 | 0.085 |
| T3/4 | 1.41 | 0.68–2.93 | 0.35 | 1.03 | 0.46–2.31 | 0.93 | 5.32 | 0.62–45.6 | 0.13 |
| Clinical N‐stage | |||||||||
| N0 | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| N1 | 4.49 | 2.21–9.13 | <0.0001* | 4.40 | 1.84–10.5 | 0.0008* | 4.84 | 1.39–16.9 | 0.013* |
| Year of operation | |||||||||
| 2006‐2012 | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| 2013‐2019 | 1.28 | 0.74–2.22 | 0.38 | 1.07 | 0.56–2.04 | 0.83 | 2.34 | 0.73–7.48 | 0.15 |
| Operation approach | |||||||||
| Open RP | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| Laparoscopic RP | 0.47 | 0.14–1.53 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.025–1.38 | 0.10 | 1.79 | 0.36–8.84 | 0.48 |
| Robot‐assisted RP | 1.15 | 0.66–1.99 | 0.62 | 1.06 | 0.56–2.02 | 0.85 | 1.77 | 0.57–5.51 | 0.32 |
| RP ISUP grade group | |||||||||
| Group ≤III | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| Group IV | 3.02 | 1.25–7.29 | 0.014* | 2.02 | 0.68–6.01 | 0.21 | 4.45 | 0.99–20.1 | 0.052 |
| Group V | 3.63 | 1.78–7.40 | 0.0004* | 3.30 | 1.39–7.82 | 0.0068* | 3.28 | 0.92–11.6 | 0.066 |
| Pathological T‐stage | |||||||||
| T2/3a | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| T3b | 2.81 | 1.60–4.97 | 0.0004* | 2.20 | 1.12–4.35 | 0.023* | 3.16 | 1.12–8.92 | 0.029* |
| T4 | 14.3 | 5.55–37.1 | <0.0001* | 9.00 | 3.09–26.2 | <0.0001* | 23.8 | 2.72–209 | 0.0042* |
| Resection margin | |||||||||
| Negative | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| Positive | 1.61 | 0.98–2.66 | 0.062 | 1.48 | 0.81–2.70 | 0.21 | 1.37 | 0.55–3.40 | 0.50 |
| Number of positive lymph nodes | |||||||||
| 1 | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| 2 | 1.29 | 0.68–2.46 | 0.44 | 1.04 | 0.93 | 0.44 | 1.21 | 0.33–4.42 | 0.77 |
| ≥3 | 3.25 | 1.90–5.56 | <0.0001* | 1.97 | 1.05–3.70 | 0.034* | 5.66 | 2.02–15.8 | 0.0010* |
| Number of removed lymph nodes | |||||||||
| <10 | ref | – | – | ref | – | – | ref | – | – |
| ≥10, <20 | 1.32 | 0.74–2.38 | 0.35 | 1.82 | 0.93–3.55 | 0.081 | 0.54 | 0.15–2.03 | 0.36 |
| ≥20 | 1.58 | 0.84–2.98 | 0.16 | 1.70 | 0.76–3.84 | 0.20 | 1.91 | 0.64–5.65 | 0.24 |
| PSA persistence | |||||||||
| Absence | ref | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Presence | 2.71 | 1.60–4.59 | 0.0002* | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; ISUP, International Society of Urological Pathology; PSA, prostate‐specific antigen; RP, radical prostatectomy.
*Statistically significant.