TABLE 3.

Prospective immunotherapy strategies in the treatment of ADPKD.

Category	Targets	Methods and outcomes	References
Targeting abnormal immune cells	CD8+ T cells	Immunodepletion of CD8 T cells worsens ADPKD phenotype	Kleczko et al. (2018)
	CD4+ Treg cells	Antibody against CD25 attenuate the progression of ADPKD.	Onda et al. (2019)
	Macrophages	Exhaustion of macrophages delayed cyst growth	Swenson-Fields et al. (2013)
	Macrophages	Genetic deletion of MIF delayed cyst growth	Chen et al. (2015)
	NK, NKT and γδ Τ cells	Neutralization with antibodies against KAR NKG2D prevents the activation of NKG2D-expressing cells	Lodoen et al. (2003), Steigerwald et al. (2009)
Targeting cytokine secretion	IFN-γ	Neutralization of IFN-γ with antibodies inhibits the proliferation	Prencipe et al. (2018)
	TNF-α	Neutralization of TNF-α might overactivation of inflammation in ADPKD.	Li et al. (2008)
Targeting cytokine regulators	Caspase 1	Targeting caspase 1 with its inhibitor could suppress the inflammasome activation and reduce IL-1β and IL-18	Flores et al. (2020), Liang et al. (2020)
	NLRP3	Targeting NLRP3 with its inhibitor could reduce IL-1β and IL-18	Zahid et al. (2019)
Targeting the regulatory machinery of immune response	CBP/p300 coactivators, KMTsetc.	CBP/p300 coactivators regulates the transcription of TNF-α and its family members	Falvo et al. (2000), Granja et al. (2006)
	Set7	Stress-mediated induction of histone methyltransferase Set7, leads to promoter modification on MCP-1 through Set7-mediated H3K4 methylation	Batista and Helguero (2018)