Table 3.
Analysis of factors associated with the relative risk of recent HIV infection among adults aged 15–59 years, by sex
| Characteristic | Women (n=54 834) | Men (n=43 827) | ||||||
| RR (95% CI) | P value | aRR (95% CI) | P value | RR (95% CI) | P Value | aRR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Severe food insecurity | 2.11 (1.11 to 4.03) | 0.023 | 2.08 (1.09 to 3.97) | 0.026 | 1.85 (0.82 to 4.20) | 0.140 | 1.77 (0.84 to 3.74) | 0.134 |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 15–24 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 25–34 | 1.72 (0.97 to 3.05) | 0.064 | 1.20 (0.61 to 2.35) | 0.594 | 2.62 (0.93 to 7.36) | 0.067 | 0.81 (0.22 to 3.05) | 0.760 |
| 35–44 | 1.14 (0.59 to 2.21) | 0.698 | 0.77 (0.35 to 1.67) | 0.500 | 5.40 (1.92 to 15.21) | 0.001 | 1.45 (0.35 to 5.99) | 0.605 |
| 45–59 | 0.61 (0.21 to 1.76) | 0.355 | 0.34 (0.11 to 1.12) | 0.077 | 4.75 (1.49 to 15.13) | 0.009 | 1.27 (0.30 to 5.54) | 0.747 |
| Country | ||||||||
| Zambia | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Tanzania | 0.38 (0.22 to 0.66) | 0.001 | 0.46 (0.26 to 0.82) | 0.009 | 0.60 (0.24 to 1.50) | 0.272 | 0.58 (0.22 to 1.52) | 0.263 |
| Uganda | 0.59 (0.36 to 0.97) | 0.036 | 0.68 (0.41 to 1.14) | 0.140 | 1.45 (0.58 to 3.61) | 0.421 | 1.31 (0.50 to 3.42) | 0.583 |
| Namibia | 0.67 (0.34 to 1.30) | 0.233 | 0.89 (0.43 to 1.83) | 0.749 | 0.47 (0.13 to 1.67) | 0.243 | 0.72 (0.19 to 2.73) | 0.631 |
| Eswatini | 1.60 (0.91 to 2.81) | 0.102 | 1.64 (0.89 to 3.02) | 0.115 | 3.07 (1.18 to 8.00) | 0.022 | 2.84 (1.04 to 7.79) | 0.042 |
| Lesotho | 1.32 (0.75 to 2.30) | 0.331 | 0.86 (0.47 to 1.56) | 0.614 | 3.46 (1.42 to 8.47) | 0.007 | 2.60 (0.99 to 6.85) | 0.053 |
| Location of residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Rural | 0.72 (0.46 to 1.13) | 0.154 | 2.44 (1.14 to 5.25) | 0.022 | 2.47 (1.14 to 5.35) | 0.022 | ||
| Wealth quintile | ||||||||
| (per quintile increase) | 0.99 (0.84 to 1.16) | 0.886 | 0.81 (0.66 to 0.98) | 0.033 | ||||
| Community viraemia | ||||||||
| (per 1% increase) | 1.12 (1.09 to 1.16) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.15) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.16) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.18) | 0.015 |
| Receipt of economic support | ||||||||
| None | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Economic only | 1.14 (0.58 to 2.21) | 0.709 | 1.06 (0.54 to 2.07) | 0.864 | 1.48 (0.55 to 3.99) | 0.436 | ||
| Food support | 0.51 (0.20 to 1.32) | 0.162 | 0.36 (0.14 to 0.88) | 0.025 | 4.10 (0.74 to 22.76) | 0.106 | ||
| Migration | ||||||||
| None | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Away for >1 month | 1.11 (0.57 to 2.17) | 0.751 | 0.79 (0.32 to 1.92) | 0.597 | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||||
| No formal employment | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Worked in past year | 1.48 (0.93 to 2.36) | 0.097 | 2.33 (1.11 to 4.91) | 0.026 | 1.95 (0.95 to 4.02) | 0.070 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Never married | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Married | 1.51 (0.86 to 2.65) | 0.148 | 1.86 (0.94 to 3.68) | 0.074 | 10.83 (3.86 to 30.38) | <0.001 | 8.96 (1.77 to 45.35) | 0.008 |
| Separated/Divorced/ Widowed | 3.10 (1.69 to 5.71) | <0.001 | 4.25 (1.89 to 9.57) | 0.001 | 11.19 (2.21 to 56.73) | 0.004 | 8.23 (1.15 to 59.02) | 0.036 |
| Male circumcised | 0.60 (0.30 to 1.19) | 0.144 | NS | NS | ||||
RR determined by Poisson regression using weighted values and Taylor estimates of variance. All variables p<0.20 in univariable analysis were tested in the final model, with those with a p value<0.10 retained. Age group and country were included a priori. Results indicated in bold are significant at p<0.05.
aRR, adjusted relative risk; RR, relative risk.