TABLE 6.
Heart rate and blood pressure of the participants before and immediately after 4‐7‐8 breathing control
| Variables | Control group (n = 21) | SD group (n = 22) | P value (before vs. before) | P value (after vs. after) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | ∆ change (% change) | p value | Before | After | ∆ change (% change) | p value | |||
| HR (beats/min) | 71.37 ± 7.73 | 66.00 ± 6.27 | −5.37 (−7.21) | <0.001* | 67.76 ± 11.59 | 64.52 ± 10.40 | −3.24 (−4.51) | <0.001* | 0.280 | 0.560 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 109.03 ± 6.81 | 104.92 ± 8.02 | −4.11 (−3.80) | <0.001* | 108.88 ± 8.47 | 105.58 ± 6.45 | −3.30 (−2.86) | 0.003* | 0.948 | 0.769 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 71.35 ± 5.04 | 68.62 ± 5.53 | −2.73 (−3.71) | 0.009* | 70.85 ± 7.05 | 70.45 ± 7.31 | −0.40 (−0.50) | 0.585 | 0.903 | 0.360 |
| PP (mm Hg) | 37.68 ± 5.75 | 36.30 ± 6.39 | −1.38 (−3.69) | 0.087 | 38.03 ± 5.94 | 35.12 ± 5.27 | −2.91 (−7.14) | 0.006* | 0.846 | 0.512 |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 83.91 ± 5.00 | 80.72 ± 5.72 | −3.19 (−3.77) | <0.001* | 83.53 ± 7.02 | 82.16 ± 6.58 | −1.37 (−1.54) | 0.055 | 0.838 | 0.308 |
| RPP (mm Hg bpm) | 7787.62 ± 1028.35 | 6928.46 ± 914.21 | −859.16 (−10.66) | <0.001* | 7385.81 ± 1428.24 | 6834.14 ± 1299.41 | −551.67 (−7.23) | <0.001* | 0.248 | 0.836 |
Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; RPP, rate‐pressure product; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, sleep deprivation.
*
Significant difference compared with before 4‐7‐8 breathing control (p < 0.05).