Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of seventy-six patients with CPE pneumonia according to carbapenemase types
| Variables | Total (n = 76) No. (%) |
IMP-4 (n = 13) No. (%) |
KPC-2 (n = 22) No. (%) |
NDM-1 (n = 41) No. (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male) | 55 (72.37) | 9 (69.23) | 16 (72.73) | 30 (73.17) |
| Prematurity | 61 (80.26) | 11 (84.62) | 18 (81.82) | 32 (78.05) |
| Cesarean section | 51 (67.11) | 8 (61.54) | 17 (77.27) | 26 (63.41) |
| Gestational age (d) | 237.09 ± 23.34 | 233.08 ± 17.62 | 231.55 ± 23.35 | 241.34 ± 26.27 |
| Birth weight (g) | 2103.62 ± 876.30 | 2003.08 ± 752.85 | 1857.95 ± 728.66 | 2267.32 ± 962.85 |
| Hospital stay (d) | 24.82 ± 13.22 | 24.54 ± 10.18 | 27.32 ± 14.27 | 23.59 ± 13.59 |
| Hospital stay before CPE isolation (d) | 7.64 ± 5.72 | 9.69 ± 6.05 | 7.91 ± 4.97 | 6.85 ± 5.95 |
| Hypocalcemia | 40 (52.63) | 2 (15.38) | 12 (54.55) | 26 (63.41) |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 29 (38.16) | 4 (30.77) | 7 (31.82) | 18 (43.90) |
| Acidosis | 27 (35.53) | 3 (23.08) | 9 (40.91) | 15 (36.59) |
| Anemia | 43 (56.58) | 7 (53.85) | 14 (63.64) | 22 (53.66) |
| Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | 37 (48.68) | 9 (69.23) | 10 (45.45) | 18 (43.90) |
| Acleistocardia | 29 (38.16) | 5 (38.46) | 1 (4.55) | 23 (56.10) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 11 (14.47) | 1 (7.69) | 0 (0) | 10 (24.39) |
| Respiratory failure | 32 (42.11) | 6 (46.15) | 6 (27.27) | 20 (48.78) |
| Pulmonary membrane disease | 35 (46.05) | 7 (53.85) | 14 (63.64) | 14 (34.15) |
| Nasogastric feeding | 55 (72.37) | 8 (61.54) | 17 (77.27) | 30 (73.17) |
| Gastric lavage | 74 (97.37) | 11 (84.62) | 22 (100) | 41 (100) |
| Enema | 24 (31.58) | 0 (0) | 7 (31.82) | 17 (41.46) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 55 (72.37) | 9 (69.23) | 14 (63.64) | 32 (78.05) |
| Peripherally inserted central catheter | 24 (31.58) | 4 (30.77) | 8 (36.36) | 12 (29.27) |
| Infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae | 74 (97.37) | 13 (100) | 22 (100) | 39 (95.12) |
| Infection with Escherichia coli | 2 ( 2.63) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.88) |
| Previous antibiotic exposure | ||||
| β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations | 59 (77.63) | 13 (100) | 22 (100) | 24 (58.54) |
| Gentamicin | 5 (6.58) | 3 (23.08) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.88) |
| Cephalosporins | 24 (31.58) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.55) | 23 (56.10) |
| Carbapenems | 18 (23.68) | 5 (38.46) | 5 (22.73) | 8 (19.51) |
| Change in antibiotic treatment after CRE isolation | 62 (81.58) | 12 (92.31) | 16 (72.73) | 34 (82.93) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 13 (17.11) | 7 (58.33) | 0 (0) | 6 (17.65) |
| Meropenem | 47 (61.84) | 4 (33.33) | 16 (100) | 27 (79.41) |
| β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations | 2 (2.63) | 1 (8.33) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.94) |
| Outcome | ||||
| Cure | 63 (82.89) | 12 (92.31) | 17 (77.27) | 34 (82.93) |
| Improvement | 13 (17.11) | 1 (7.69) | 5 (22.73) | 7 (17.07) |
CPE carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales