Fig. 1.

Alpha diversity (Shannon diversity index), stratified by sample site, time, and siblings. Boxplots demonstrate medians and IQR. p-values determined by Dunn’s test with FDR control for multiple testing. The overall statistical difference at 4 and 6 years is p = 0.014 and p = 0.09, respectively (determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test). Richness results and Shannon diversity based on rarefied data are shown in Supplemental Fig. 1 and Supplemental Table 3, respectively