Table 2.
The correlations between VISTA and immune cells
| Condition | Immune cells | Correlations with VISTA | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Soft tissue sarcomas | TIL | High expression of VISTA is associated with higher level of TIL | 35,205,752 |
| Pancreatic cancer | CD68 + macrophages | High expression of VISTA on CD68 + macrophages | 30,635,425 |
| CD8 + T cells | Inhibit the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ | ||
| Inhibit the function of CD8 + T cells | |||
| Pancreatic cancer | CD19 + B cells | high level of VISTA is positively associated with CD19 + B cells, CD3 + T cells and CD68 + macrophages | 33,237,432 |
| CD3 + T cells | |||
| CD68 + macrophages | |||
| Melanoma | Treg | The block of VISTA reduces the number of tumor specific Foxp3 + CD4 + Treg cells, the presence of activated dendritic cells and MDSCs, increases the number of TILs, and promotes the function of T cells | 24,691,994 |
| MDSCs | |||
| DCs | |||
| TIL | |||
| Ovarian and endometrial cancer | CD8 + T cells | VISTA can significantly inhibit T cell proliferation and cytokine IFN-γ production | 30,127,950 |
| 30,382,166 | |||
| NK/T cell lymphoma | CD8 + TILs | High expression of VISTA is correlated with the increase of CD8 + TILs and Foxp3 + TILs | 33,889,438 |
| Foxp3 + TILs | |||
| NSCLC | TIL | High expression of VISTA increases the count of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor associated macrophages, effector T cells | 30,746,169 |
| Tumor associated macrophages | |||
| Effector T cells | |||
| Melanoma | MDSCs | VISTA is expressed on CD33 + myeloid cells and positively associated with the expression of CD33 | 32,873,829 |
| VISTA-mediated anti-tumor immunity | Macrophages | The absence of VISTA promotes the production of proinflammatory cytokines of TLR-mediated in peritoneal macrophages | 31,340,983 |
| MDSCs subsets | |||
| DCs subsets | VISTA regulates the effector function and accumulation of tumor-associated myeloid cDCs, inflammatory DCs, CD103 + DCs, PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs | ||
| Allergic asthma | Th2 | VISTA involves in the generation of Th2 cells and related antibody production | 29,267,882 |
| Maintaining naïve T cell quiescence and tolerance |
Naïve CD4 + T cells |
The absence of VISTA enhance the response of CD44hi CD4 + memory-like T cells to TCR and cytokine stimulation | 31,949,051 |
| Antigen-specific T cells | The block of VISTA induces the tolerance reduction of antigen-specific T cells | ||
| Giant cell arteritis | Th1 | The block of VISTA promotes the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells | 31,379,838 |
| Th17 | |||
| Anti-VISTA mAbs research | Monocytes | The administration of anti-VISTA mAb induces the activation of monocytes | 34,106,206 |
| Collagen antibody-induced arthritis | Macrophages | VISTA regulates the response of macrophages to immune complexes | 29,216,931 |
| Glomerulonephritis | Neutrophil | The block of VISTA inhibits the activation of neutrophil | 32,586,651 |