Figure 5.

Cardamonin inhibited pro-tumorigenic factors in TAMs

THP-1-induced macrophages were treated with or without cardamonin (10 or 20 μM) and rapamycin (0.1 μM) for 24 h. (A–C) The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 protein was detected by western blotting. Relative density ratios of MMP2 and MMP9 were normalized to actin. (D) Expression of activated MMP2 and MMP9 was analyzed using gelatin zymography. (E and F) The relative expression of activated MMP2 and MMP9 is shown as the bar graph, with the M0 group set to 1. (G–I) mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, and VEGFα was measured by real-time PCR. Relative mRNA expression was normalized to actin. (J–L) The concentration of IL-6, IL-10, and VEGFα protein was measured by ELISA assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 versus M0. ^##p < 0.01 versus TAM.