Table 2:

Overview of spatial proteomic techniques discussed

Method	Number of Targets	Advantages	Limitations
Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) [55, 56]	~40 antibodies	1 micron resolution; Single section and staining; Low signal spillover; No autofluorescence	Limited by number of rare metals; Biased by target selection; Special equipment; Costly; Long imaging time; Data analysis
Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging (MIBI) [57]	Capable of ~100 targets, commercially 40+	200–300 nm resolution; Parts-per-billion sensitivity; Low signal spillover; No autofluroescence	Biased by target selection; Costly; Special equipment; Long imaging time; Data analysis
Spatially Targeted Optical Micro-Proteomics (STOMP) [62]	1,000s of analytes	1 micron resolution; Analyzes post translational protein modifications; Unbiased target selection	Special equipment needed; Trouble measuring low abundant proteins; Data analysis
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) [49]	1,000s of analytes	Analyzes post translational protein modifications; Unbiased target selection	Low resolution; Trouble measuring low abundant proteins; Requires matrix; Data analysis
Tissue-based Cyclic ImmunoFluorescence (t-CyCIF) [67, 68]	60 antibodies	Cost effective; Uses common lab items; Enhanced signal to noise with each cycle	Time consuming
Co-Detection by indEXing (CODEX) [70]	~40 antibodies	Single section and staining; Cost effective; Uses common microscope	Requires special reagents and equipment

Note: For other comprehensive tables from previous reviews on spatial proteomics please refer to [24].