Table 1.
Characteristics of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with established cardiovascular disease who experienced a major adverse cardiovascular event during the observation period (23 February 2021 to 31 January 2022)
| Characteristics | BNT162b2 | CoronaVac | Unvaccinated | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 662 | 1102 | 6765 | |
| Died during observation period | 42 (6.3) | 74 (6.7) | 3121 (46.1) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 67.90 (11.94) | 71.23 (11.76) | 78.66 (12.34) | <0.001 |
| Male | 506 (76.4) | 778 (70.6) | 3918 (57.9) | <0.001 |
| Completed two vaccine doses by 31 January 2022 | 537 (81.1) | 740 (67.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Received a booster by 31 January 2022 | 55 (8.3) | 105 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Baseline conditions | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 87 (13.1) | 120 (10.9) | 1013 (15.0) | 0.001 |
| Ischaemic stroke | 130 (19.6) | 214 (19.4) | 1260 (18.6) | 0.699 |
| Coronary heart disease | 384 (58.0) | 553 (50.2) | 3396 (50.2) | 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 267 (40.3) | 522 (47.4) | 3058 (45.2) | 0.015 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 11 (1.7) | 27 (2.5) | 304 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular surgery | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.1) | 0.401 |
| Diabetes | 231 (34.9) | 394 (35.8) | 2963 (43.8) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 68 (1.0) | 0.003 |
| Renal disease | 45 (6.8) | 71 (6.4) | 1231 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 417 (63.0) | 739 (67.1) | 4870 (72.0) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 77 (11.6) | 133 (12.1) | 1751 (25.9) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular drug dispensed within 90 days before vaccination | ||||
| Lipid lowering agents | 602 (90.9) | 1007 (91.4) | 4852 (71.7) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 571 (86.3) | 955 (86.7) | 4568 (67.5) | <0.001 |
| Renin-angiotensin-system agents | 377 (56.9) | 621 (56.4) | 3418 (50.5) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blockers | 343 (51.8) | 541 (49.1) | 3164 (46.8) | 0.024 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 308 (46.5) | 526 (47.7) | 2966 (43.8) | 0.031 |
| Diuretics | 103 (15.6) | 172 (15.6) | 2026 (29.9) | <0.001 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 67 (10.1) | 106 (9.6) | 958 (14.2) | <0.001 |
Figures are number (%) unless stated otherwise. To account for the dynamic populational characteristics and the higher incidence of MACE in certain seasons or months, we also adjusted the seasonal effect including the unvaccinated cases by modelling a piecewise constant with each month set as cut points.16 Therefore, the unvaccinated cases did not serve as controls.
SD, standard deviation.