Time course of arginine and sugar utilization and citrulline formation by O. oeni MCW in wine at initial pH 3.6 and several initial arginine concentrations. Arginine and OD750, solid symbols; citrulline and combined glucose and fructose, open symbols. Initial arginine concentrations: ●, 0.5 g liter−1; ▴, 1 g liter−1; ▾, 1.5 g liter−1. Arrow, time of malic acid depletion for all treatments.