Table 2.
Disruptive Technology in Industry 4.0
| # | Technology for Industry 4.0 | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | AI & ML | Artificial intelligence is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings (https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence; Chen et al., 2021) |
| 2 | Quantum Computing | Quantum information technology is a new paradigm that can process more than digital data consisting of 0 and 1 (Sigov et al., 2022). Quantum physics incorporates the digital revolution into the physical world and provides new directions in artificial intelligence and nanotechnology (Kim, 2017) |
| 3 | 5G & 6G | 5G is a generation of cellular networks designed to enhance the efficiency of data transmission. 6G will connect everything, provide full dimensional wireless coverage, and integrate all functions, including sensing, communication, computing, caching, control, positioning, radar, navigation, and imaging, to support full-vertical applications |
| 4 | IoT, IIoT | IoT and IIoT connect the network of physical objects (https://www.oracle.com/internet-of-things/what-is-iot/). In a supply chain, IoT links fabrication and material handling equipment, remote sensors for freight transport, and tracking systems for vehicles and other assets |
| 5 | Data Sciences & Business Intelligence | Data Science requires coding, data mining, analytical skills, and modeling to extract value and meaning from the data. In addition, human–machine interaction, quantitative skills, and understanding of information technology are regarded as essential skills in data sciences and business intelligence (Darmont et al., 2022) |
| 6 | Cybersecurity | Cybersecurity is a measure to protect a computer or computer system against unauthorized access or attack (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cybersecurity). A critical step in preventing cyber threats is finding adequate and feasible ways to encourage employees and end-users of various technologies to protect their individual and organizational information assets (Sigov et al., 2022) |
| 7 | Green Energy | Green energy comes from renewable sources. Green energy is considered clean, sustainable, or renewable energy. A clean energy plan is an essential integral part of Industry 4.0, underscored by global leaders, energy sector administrators, and prominent corporate executives |