Table 4. Comparison of Utilization of Maternal Health Services Between PBF and Control Samples at Baseline and Endline .

Outcome Variable	Baseline							Endline
	Total		PBF		Control		Difference	Total		PBF		Control		Difference
	n	Mean (%)	n	Mean (%)	n	Mean (%)		n	Mean (%)	n	Mean (%)	n	Mean (%)
ANC 1st trimester	6357	67.17	4909	67.39	1448	66.44	0.95	6168	73.98	4773	75.63	1395	68.32	7.31***
ANC4+a visits	6564	44.20	5070	44.91	1494	41.77	3.14**	6365	61.62	4928	62.50	1437	58.59	3.91***
TTV2+b	6557	62.80	5065	62.65	1492	63.34	-0.69***	6213	43.68	4810	43.10	1403	45.69	-2.59*
HIV testing in pregnancy	6557	56.11	5065	57.14	1492	52.61	4.53	6215	54.88	4812	56.44	1403	49.54	6.90***
Iron supplementation	6557	93.18	5065	92.99	1492	93.83	-0.84	6209	98.20	4807	98.25	1402	98.00	0.25
Facility-based delivery	6511	89.08	5024	88.42	1487	91.32	-2.90***	6220	91.27	4807	91.72	1413	89.74	1.98**
PNC1+c visit	6488	53.21	5002	54.48	1486	48.92	5.56***	6194	76.40	4785	77.93	1409	71.19	6.74***
PNC3+d visits	6488	5.50	5002	4.96	1486	7.34	-2.38***	6194	13.63	4785	14.48	1409	10.72	3.76***
Modern planning family methods	8643	11.25	6814	11.43	1829	10.55	0.88	8942	27.25	6806	27.80	2136	25.51	2.29

Abbreviations: TTV, tetanus toxoid vaccine; PNC, postnatal care; PBF, performance-based financing; ANC, Antenatal care.

^aAt least 4 antenatal care; ^bAt least 2 tetanus doses during pregnancy; ^cAt least one postnatal care visit within 6 weeks; ^dAt least 3 postnatal care visits within 6 weeks

T test for differences between PBF and control samples; * P < .1, ** P < .05, *** P < .01.