TABLE 1.
Descriptive characteristics of study participants by sex
| Characteristics | Total | Male | Female | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 2575 | 1380 | 1195 | |
| Age, y | 63.60 (52.99, 73.35) | 62.41 (52.03, 72.74) | 64.52 (54.08, 74.15) | <.001 |
| Age, categories, No. (%) | .014 | |||
| <60, y | 1046 (40.6) | 594 (43.0) | 452 (37.8) | |
| 60‐70, y | 659 (25.6) | 350 (25.4) | 309 (25.9) | |
| ≥70, y | 870 (33.8) | 436 (31.6) | 434 (36.3) | |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 141.00 (131.33, 153.33) | 140.67 (131.33, 151.33) | 141.67 (131.50, 154.67) | .017 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 87.00 (79.67, 94.00) | 88.00 (80.00, 95.00) | 85.33 (78.33, 92.67) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.84 (22.60, 27.34) | 24.91 (22.94, 27.43) | 24.84 (22.22, 27.13) | .014 |
| Fasting Blood Glucose, mmol/L | 5.53 (4.97, 6.54) | 5.52 (4.94, 6.54) | 5.55 (5.00, 6.54) | .524 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.23 (3.55, 4.98) | 4.08 (3.42, 4.80) | 4.41 (3.71, 5.14) | <.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.40 (1.01, 1.93) | 1.36 (0.97, 1.90) | 1.42 (1.06, 1.95) | .008 |
| HDL‐C, mmol/L | 1.23 (1.04, 1.45) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.38) | 1.29 (1.10, 1.51) | <.001 |
| LDL‐C, mmol/L | 2.58 (2.03, 3.12) | 2.50 (1.95, 3.04) | 2.67 (2.12, 3.18) | <.001 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 69.00 (58.00, 84.00) | 78.00 (67.00, 91.00) | 61.00 (52.00, 70.00) | <.001 |
| Serum Mn, μg/L | 1.56 (0.90, 2.77) | 1.60 (0.93, 2.84) | 1.51 (0.86, 2.67) | .060 |
| Smoking, No. (%) | <.001 | |||
| No | 2073 (80.5) | 904 (65.5) | 1169 (97.8) | |
| Yes | 502 (19.5) | 476 (34.5) | 26 (2.2) | |
| Drinking, No. (%) | <.001 | |||
| No | 2117 (82.2) | 948 (68.7) | 1169 (97.8) | |
| Yes | 458 (17.8) | 432 (31.3) | 26 (2.2) | |
| Use of antihypertensive medications, No. (%) | .117 | |||
| No | 834 (32.4) | 466 (33.8) | 368 (30.8) | |
| Yes | 1741 (67.6) | 914 (66.2) | 827 (69.2) | |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | .894 | |||
| No | 1879 (73.0) | 1005 (72.8) | 874 (73.1) | |
| Yes | 696 (27.0) | 375 (27.2) | 321 (26.9) |
For continuous variables, values are presented as median (IQR).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mn, manganese.