Table 1.
Main characteristics of the participants
| Spanish (N = 945) | < 33 y. N = 243 | 33–44 y. N = 248 | 44–53 y. N = 218 | > 53 y. N = 236 | P¥ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.001 | |||||
| Women | 273 (28.9)* | 181 (74.5) | 190 (76.6) | 157 (72.0) | 141 (59.7) | |
| Men | 669 (70.8) | 62 (25.5) | 58 (23.4) | 61 (28.0) | 95 (40.3) | |
| Smoking status | 0.032 | |||||
| Current smoking | 180 (19.0) | 60.0 (24.7) | 40.0 (16.1) | 44.0 (20.2) | 36.0 (15.3) | |
| Habitual residence | 0.018 | |||||
| Urban | 842 (89.1) | 217 (89.3) | 227 (91.5) | 182 (83.5) | 216 (91.5) | |
| Rural | 103 (10.9) | 26 (10.7) | 21 (8.5) | 36 (16.5) | 20 (8.5) | |
| Living during confinement | < 0.001 | |||||
| With children | 475 (50.3) | 63 (25.9) | 142 (57.3) | 158 (72.5) | 112 (47.5) | |
| Without children | 257 (27.2) | 98 (40.3) | 57 (23.0) | 25 (11.5) | 77 (32.6) | |
| Shared flat | 58 (6.1) | 40 (16.5) | 6 (2.4) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Alone | 8 (0.8) | 15 (6.2) | 29 (11.7) | 15 (6.9) | 32 (13.6) | |
| With parents or other relatives | 49 (5.2) | 24 (9.9) | 10 (4.0) | 11 (5.0) | 13 (5.5) | |
| Residence | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Othersa | 91 (9.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.2) | 3 (1.4) | 2 (0.8) | |
| Marital status | < 0.001 | |||||
| Married | 450 (47.6) | 12 (4.9) | 120 (48.4) | 150 (68.8) | 168 (71.2) | |
| Domestic partner | 160 (16.9) | 70 (28.8) | 56 (22.6) | 20 (9.2) | 14 (5.9) | |
| Single | 262 (27.7) | 157 (64.6) | 57 (23.0) | 26 (11.9) | 22 (9.3) | |
| Widower | 5 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 4 (1.7) | |
| Divorced | 58 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (4.8) | 19 (8.7) | 27 (11.4) | |
| Children in care | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 533 (56.4) | 11 (4.5) | 151 (60.9) | 169 (77.5) | 202 (85.6) | |
| No | 412 (43.6) | 232 (95.5) | 97 (39.1) | 49 (22.5) | 34 (14.4) | |
| Educational level | ||||||
| Postgraduate | 287 (30.4) | 88 (36.2) | 85 (34.3) | 54 (24.8) | 60 (25.4) | |
| University | 379 (40.1) | 79 (32.5) | 113 (45.6) | 93 (42.7) | 94 (39.8) | |
| High school | 233 (24.7) | 68 (2.9) | 43 (4.8) | 61 (7.3) | 61 (6.8) | |
| Primary | 29 (3.1) | 7 (25.1) | 2 (12.5) | 1 (20.6) | 5 (19.1) | |
| Other | 15 (1.6) | 0 (2.9) | 4 (0.8) | 9 (0.5) | 16 (2.1) | |
| No studies | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (4.1) | 0 (6.8) | |
| Current employment | < 0.001 | |||||
| Employee | 559 (59.2) | 105 (43.2) | 183 (73.8) | 150 (68.8) | 121 (51.3) | |
| Independent | 107 (11.3) | 13 (5.3) | 27 (10.9) | 33 (15.1) | 34 (14.4) | |
| ERTEb | 54 (5.7) | 20 (8.2) | 16 (6.5) | 12 (5.5) | 6 (2.5) | |
| Student | 88 (9.3) | 85 (35.0) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Retiree | 69 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | 65 (27.5) | |
| Subsidiary | 66 (7.0) | 19 (7.8) | 19 (7.7) | 19 (8.7) | 9 (3.8) | |
| Current employment/education form | < 0.001 | |||||
| Online | 469 (49.6) | 142 (58.4) | 128 (51.6) | 108 (49.5) | 91 (38.6) | |
| Face-to-face | 144 (15.2) | 23 (9.5) | 45 (18.1) | 40 (18.3) | 36 (15.3) | |
| Mixc | 85 (9.0) | 24 (9.9) | 22 (8.9) | 23 (10.6) | 16 (6.8) | |
| Other formsd | 247 (26.1) | 41 (16.9) | 34 (13.7) | 27 (12.4) | 75 (31.8) | |
| Family economy | 0.075 | |||||
| High income | 96 (10.2) | 15 (6.2) | 30 (12.1) | 24 (11.0) | 27 (11.4) | |
| Medium income | 664 (70.3) | 166 (68.3) | 176 (71.0) | 154 (70.6) | 168 (71.2) | |
| Low income | 185 (19.6) | 62 (25.5) | 42 (16.9) | 40 (18.3) | 41 (17.4) |
| Spanish (N = 945) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 43.4 ± 13.4* | 25.7 ± 4.5 | 40.1 ± 3.2 | 48.5 ± 2.5 | 60.4 ± 6.0 | < 0.001 |
| Dayse | 43.4 ± 10.8 | 45.5 ± 11.5 | 43.3 ± 10.1 | 41.6 ± 10.8 | 42.9 ± 10.7 | 0.001 |
*Values are mean ± SD or n (%) as appropriate. ¥ANOVA-one factor was used for continuous variables and χ2-test for categorical variable
aOthers: with children and parents or other relatives’ parents or other relatives
bERTE temporary employment regulation file
cMix: combines face-to-face and online
dOther forms: retiree, subsidiary, unemployed and total-ERTE
eDays of confinement