Table 5.
Associations between MedDiet pattern and weight gain stratified by age in regarding to the COVID-19 confinement
| ≤ 33 y | 34–44 y | 44–53 y | ≥ 53 y | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude modela | Adjusted modelb | Crude modela | Adjusted modelb | Crude modela | Adjusted modelb | Crude modela | Adjusted modelb | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Olive oil (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| Unknown | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| No | 0.34 (0.15–0.77) | 0.31 (0.12–0.76) | 0.30 (0.1–0.95) | 0.37 (0.1–1.45) | 0.65 (0.21–1.94) | 0.67 (0.2–2.22) | 1.04 (0.3–3.54) | 1.21 (0.33–4.48) |
| Yes | 0.64 (0.26–1.53) | 0.69 (0.26–1.85) | 0.30 (0.09–0.98) | 0.35 (0.09–1.42) | 1.07 (0.35–3.3) | 1.04 (0.3–3.56) | 1.85 (0.52–6.56) | 2.61 (0.66–10.28) |
| Other oils (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| Unknown | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| No | 0.27 (0.11–0.69) | 0.21 (0.07–0.61) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.47 (0.11–1.94) | 0.68 (0.15–3.04) | 0.63 (0.17–2.43) | 0.57 (0.12–2.74) |
| Yes | 0.93 (0.29–3.01) | 0.61 (0.16–2.3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 4 (0.5–31.98) | 6.74 (0.67–67.7) | 2.92 (0.44–19.23) | 3.53 (0.37–33.17) |
| Nuts (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.14 (0.62–2.09) | 1.23 (0.64–2.38) | 1.2 (0.69–2.08) | 0.98 (0.53–1.84) | 1.82 (1–3.32) | 1.97 (1.01–3.85) | 1.44 (0.80–2.62) | 1.62 (0.83–3.14) |
| Nuts (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 1–2 | 1.31 (0.52–3.35) | 1.31 (0.48–3.63) | 0.73 (0.31–1.73) | 0.55 (0.19–1.61) | 1.77 (0.59–5.33) | 1.62 (0.5–5.31) | 1.2 (0.46–3.09) | 0.9 (0.31–2.67) |
| 2–3 | 1.35 (0.51–3.53) | 1.69 (0.58–4.92) | 0.8 (0.33–1.95) | 0.57 (0.19–1.71) | 1.33 (0.41–4.25) | 1.39 (0.39–4.96) | 1.35 (0.5–3.69) | 1.02 (0.33–3.18) |
| > 3 | 1.37 (0.53–3.56) | 1.81 (0.62–5.25) | 0.56 (0.23–1.34) | 0.34 (0.11–1.02) | 1.45 (0.44–4.73) | 1.76 (0.48–6.47) | 1.09 (0.41–2.87) | 0.87 (0.29–2.61) |
| Vegetables (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 0.89 (0.47–1.67) | 1.02 (0.51–2.03) | 0.7 (0.39–1.24) | 0.59 (0.3–1.16) | 0.75 (0.41–1.36) | 0.73 (0.38–1.39) | 0.79 (0.44–1.44) | 0.85 (0.44–1.65) |
| Vegetables (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 1–2 | 1.19 (0.23–6.15) | 1.99 (0.29–13.44) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.48 (0.12–1.88) | 0.43 (0.1–1.89) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| ≥ 2 | 0.76 (0.14–4.05) | 1.21 (0.17–8.45) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.27 (0.06–1.12) | 0.20 (0.04–0.94) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Sofrito (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.11 (0.6–2.06) | 1.21 (0.62–2.4) | 1.19 (0.7–2.05) | 1.45 (0.76–2.77) | 1.5 (0.81–2.77) | 1.3 (0.67–2.53) | 1.01 (0.54–1.92) | 1.14 (0.56–2.31) |
| Fresh fruit (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.09 (0.58–2.05) | 1.09 (0.54–2.19) | 1.21 (0.7–2.08) | 1.07 (0.57–2.01) | 1.04 (0.56–1.92) | 0.92 (0.47–1.81) | 1.24 (0.68–2.27) | 1.17 (0.6–2.28) |
| Fresh fruit (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 1–2 | 0.5 (0.21–1.22) | 0.5 (0.19–1.33) | 0.53 (0.2–1.42) | 0.31 (0.08–1.18) | 0.45 (0.13–1.55) | 0.23 (0.05–1) | 1.02 (0.27–3.78) | 1.4 (0.35–5.5) |
| 2–3 | 0.67 (0.26–1.7) | 0.96 (0.34–2.72) | 0.65 (0.22–1.9) | 0.39 (0.09–1.64) | 0.37 (0.1–1.39) | 0.24 (0.05–1.1) | 0.53 (0.13–2.11) | 0.71 (0.17–3.01) |
| ≥ 3 | 0.11 (0.01–0.99) | 0.13 (0.01–1.18) | 0.55 (0.14–2.12) | 0.31 (0.05–1.75) | 0.42 (0.08–2.25) | 0.26 (0.04–1.65) | 0.71 (0.15–3.22) | 1.03 (0.2–5.17) |
| Legumes (sv/wk) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.19 (0.62–2.3) | 1.20 (0.59–2.44) | 0.88 (0.49–1.58) | 0.71 (0.36–1.4) | 1.28 (0.67–2.45) | 1.63 (0.79–3.37) | 1.16 (0.6–2.24) | 1.20 (0.58–2.47) |
| Grains (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.77 (0.96–3.29) | 1.86 (0.95–3.64) | 1.63 (0.93–2.86) | 1.74 (0.91–3.3) | 1.79 (0.92–3.48) | 1.45 (0.7–3.01) | 1.47 (0.72–3) | 1.20 (0.55–2.62) |
| Whole grains (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 0.84 (0.41–1.68) | 0.98 (0.45–2.12) | 0.79 (0.34–1.83) | 0.65 (0.26–1.63) | 1.74 (0.64–4.71) | 1.29 (0.44–3.77) | 1.64 (0.72–3.74) | 1.44 (0.59–3.52) |
| Potatoes (sv/wk) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.58 (0.86–2.92) | 1.54 (0.8–2.98) | 1.50 (0.88–2.55) | 1.94 (1.04–3.64) | 1.48 (0.81–2.71) | 1.43 (0.74–2.78) | 1.62 (0.84–3.09) | 1.61 (0.79–3.27) |
| Dairy products (sv/d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.92 (1.05–3.54) | 2.21 (1.11–4.39) | 1.2 (0.67–2.15) | 1.29 (0.65–2.53) | 1.39 (0.72–2.68) | 1.51 (0.74–3.08) | 1.25 (0.6–2.6) | 1.14 (0.5–2.63) |
| Eggs (sv./wk) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.7 (0.91–3.17) | 1.97 (1–3.86) | 1.64 (0.95–2.84) | 1.45 (0.77–2.71) | 1.23 (0.64–2.34) | 0.92 (0.45–1.89) | 1.36 (0.73–2.52) | 1.35 (0.68–2.64) |
| Red meat (sv/wk) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 2.44 (1.23–4.86) | 2.53 (1.18–5.41) | 1.90 (0.95–3.82) | 1.91 (0.85–4.3) | 3.09 (1.42–6.72) | 3.37 (1.42–8.02) | 3.45 (1.44–8.29) | 2.98 (1.14–7.76) |
| Lean meat (sv/wk) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.45 (0.64–3.26) | 1.57 (0.64–3.83) | 0.84 (0.39–1.82) | 0.95 (0.38–2.37) | 1.71 (0.75–3.92) | 1.51 (0.6–3.83) | 1.61 (0.69–3.78) | 1.64 (0.62–4.34) |
| Fish and seafood (sv/w) (srv/wk) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.69 (0.88–3.23) | 2.05 (1.01–4.19) | 1.02 (0.52–2.01) | 1.2 (0.54–2.65) | 1.46 (0.69–3.11) | 1.82 (0.78–4.22) | 0.73 (0.34–1.56) | 0.66 (0.29–1.49) |
| Alcohol (d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.81 (0.81–4.03) | 1.56 (0.66–3.71) | 0.78 (0.44–1.41) | 1.01 (0.51–1.99) | 1.93 (1.05–3.55) | 2.49 (1.24–5.03) | 2.01 (1.05–3.85) | 2.02 (0.98–4.18) |
| Sweetened beverages (d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.46 (0.57–3.78) | 1.41 (0.49–4.06) | 1.86 (0.86–4) | 1.25 (0.53–2.96) | 1.18 (0.37–3.74) | 1.29 (0.36–4.64) | 1.59 (0.52–4.91) | 1.74 (0.48–6.25) |
| Juices (≥ 1 /d) | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 0.98 (0.51–1.89) | 0.99 (0.49–2.02) | 1.13 (0.64–1.99) | 1.27 (0.66–2.43) | 1.16 (0.62–2.15) | 0.99 (0.5–1.99) | 0.92 (0.51–1.66) | 1.1 (0.57–2.13) |
| Homemade pastries | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| As before | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| No | 0.43 (0.14–1.38) | 0.36 (0.11–1.25) | 1.14 (0.44–2.95) | 1.41 (0.48–4.1) | 0.87 (0.34–2.23) | 0.99 (0.35–2.79) | 1.02 (0.48–2.19) | 1.07 (0.46–2.49) |
| Yes | 1.34 (0.53–3.35) | 1.07 (0.4–2.88) | 1.92 (0.8–4.63) | 2.01 (0.75–5.39) | 1.12 (0.46–2.75) | 1.35 (0.51–3.57) | 1.89 (0.89–4) | 2.31 (0.99–5.39) |
| Non-homemade pastries | N = 62 (19.9%) | N = 91 (29.2%) | N = 75 (24%) | N = 84 (26.9%) | ||||
| As before | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| No | 1.01 (0.32–3.2) | 1.01 (0.29–3.5) | 0.93 (0.37–2.32) | 1.14 (0.4–3.28) | 1.23 (0.42–3.58) | 1.41 (0.44–4.5) | 0.89 (0.36–2.2) | 0.93 (0.34–2.56) |
| Yes | 3.53 (0.96–12.91) | 2.91 (0.73–11.65) | 2.04 (0.64–6.52) | 2.81 (0.73–10.76) | 14.93 (3.01–74.04) | 13.74 (2.49–75.83) | 4.38 (1.21–15.81) | 4.62 (1.05–20.25) |
aUnivariate regression model (model 1)
bMultivariate-adjusted model (model 2). Model 2 adjusted by: sex (men and women), educational level (postgraduate; university; high school; primary and other studies), housing during confinement (with or without children; with elderly; and children and elderly; residence or shared flat) and type of AP (high, medium, low). ORs of the association between each studied variable related to eating and lifestyle habits and weight gain change were mutually adjusted by each other. Statistically significant ORs are highlighted in bold. d day, sv serving, wk week