Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of the 2497 men from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
| Age (years) | 53 ± 5.1 (54.3) |
| Education (years) | 8.6 ± 3.4 (8.0) |
| Marital status, married (%) | 87 |
| Annual income (euro) | 13,406 ± 8987 (11,864) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 3.6 (26.4) |
| Leisure-time physical activity (kcal/day) | 141 ± 175 (84) |
| Current smoker (%) | 29 |
| Hypertension (%) | 60 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 25 |
| Stroke (%) | 3 |
| Diabetes (%) | 6 |
| Lipid lowering medication at baseline (%) | 0.6 |
| Lipid lowering medication during follow-up (%) | 48 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 134 ± 17 (132) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 89 ± 10 (88) |
| Serum total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.91 ± 1.08 (5.84) |
| Serum LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.05 ± 1.01 (3.96) |
| Serum HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.29 ± 0.30 (1.26) |
| Serum triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.31 ± 0.83 (1.11) |
| Serum long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (%)a | 4.7 ± 1.6 (4.3) |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 1.2 (4.6) |
| Serum CRP (mg/L) | 2.43 ± 4.15 (1.28) |
| Alcohol intake (g/wk) | 74 ± 134 (31) |
| Dietary intakes | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2440 ± 622 (2398) |
| Protein (E%) | 15.8 ± 2.5 (15.5) |
| Fat (E%) | 38.7 ± 5.9 (38.6) |
| Saturated fatty acids (E%) | 18.2 ± 4.1 (18.0) |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (E%) | 4.5 ± 1.4 (4.3) |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (E%) | 11.7 ± 2.2 (11.6) |
| Trans fatty acids (E%) | 1.1 ± 0.4 (1.0) |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 401 ± 107 (388) |
| Carbohydrates (E%) | 42.7 ± 6.5 (42.8) |
| Fiber (g/day) | 25.1 ± 7.1 (24.4) |
| Choline (mg/day) | 431 ± 88 (424) |
| Phosphatidylcholine (mg/day) | 188 ± 63 (180) |
| Eggs (g/day) | 32 ± 25 (26) |
| Fish (g/day) | 46 ± 54 (31) |
| Grains (g/day) | 254 ± 92 (242) |
| Whole grains (g/day) | 159 ± 75 (149) |
| Fruits, berries, and vegetables (g/day) | 250 ± 155 (226) |
| Potatoes (g/day) | 162 ± 88 (150) |
| Fat spreads and oils (g/day) | 56 ± 24 (53) |
| Butter and butter containing spreads (g/day) | 36 ± 28 (32) |
| Vegetable margarines (g/day) | 18 ± 17 (12) |
| Vegetable oils (g/day) | 2 ± 4 (1) |
| Tea (mL/day) | 94 ± 173 (0) |
| Coffee (mL/day) | 564 ± 292 (563) |
Values are means ± SD or percentages (medians in parentheses)
aSum of serum eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations, indicated as proportion of all serum fatty acids