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. 2022 Feb 7;61(5):2397–2416. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02805-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Dose–response analyses (x-axis: dose (defined per vitamin or vitamin group, see below), y-axis: HR for BC, with 95% confidence interval); a thiamin (B1) (dose = 300 µg), b riboflavin (B2) (dose = 800 µg), c niacin (B3) (dose = 2500 µg), d pyridoxine (B6) (dose = 300 µg), e folate (B9 (dose = 30 µg)), f cyanocobalamin (B12) (dose = 1.5 µg), g vitamins related to energy metabolism (dose = 1.25 × 10¹¹ µg), h vitamins related to the reduction of oxidative stress (dose = 5.0 × 10⁶ µg), i vitamins related to DNA stability (dose = 200 µg) and j the entire B group vitamin complex (dose = 1.0 × 10¹⁶ µg)