Table 1.
Patient characteristics. Comparison between the no hemorrhage and hemorrhage groups.
| No hemorrhage group (n = 35) |
Hemorrhage group (n = 16) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y)* | 32 (22–42) | 36.5 (26–48) | 0.033† |
| Past pregnancy (%) | |||
| Yes | 18 (51) | 8 (50) | 1.0** |
| No | 17 (49) | 8 (50) | |
| Preceding pregnancy (%)‡ | |||
| Method | |||
| Ni | 23 (66) | 3 (19) | 0.003** |
| ART | 12 (34) | 13 (81) | |
| IVF-ET | 11 | 13 | |
| IUI | 1 | 0 | |
| Outcome | |||
| SA | 20 (57) | 5 (31) | 0.19** |
| AA | 5 (14) | 4 (25) | |
| VD | 10 (29) | 6 (36) | |
| CS | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | |
| Trimester at delivery | |||
| First | 20 (57) | 6 (38) | 0.37** |
| Second | 6 (17) | 3 (19) | |
| Third | 9 (26) | 7 (43) | |
| Intrauterine intervention§ | |||
| Yes | 17 (49) | 7 (43) | 0.77** |
| No | 18 (51) | 9 (57) | |
| Findings at first visit | |||
| Maximum diameter (mm)* | 28 (6.9–68) | 40 (17–71) | 0.03† |
| PDCS (%) | |||
| 1 | 10 (29) | 0 (0) | 0.005** |
| 2 | 8 (22) | 0 (0) | |
| 3 | 7 (20) | 7 (44) | |
| 4 | 10 (29) | 9 (56) | |
| βhCG (IU/L)* | 9.2 (1.2–3,244.8) | 50.6 (2.5–5,339.7) | 0.007† |
| Hb (g/dL)* | 11.7 (8.3–14.7) | 9.6 (6.2–13.9) | 0.005† |
| Clinical course | |||
| HR (%) | 1 (3) | 13 (81) | – |
| Length of follow-up (days)* | |||
| Time from delivery (days) | 40 (10–340) | 34 (17–202) | 0.77† |
| To massive hemorrhage* | – | 32.5 (6–74) | – |
| To βHCG regression* | 58 (26–146) | 64.5 (16–91) | 0.52† |
| To RPOC resolution* | 103 (53–405) | 75 (31–258) | 0.29† |
Ni, natural intercourse; ART, assisted reproductive technology; IVF-ET, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer; IUI, intrauterine insemination; SA, spontaneous abortion; AA, artificial abortion; VD, vaginal delivery; CS, cesarean section; PDCS, power Doppler color scoring; βhCG, serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin; Hb, serum hemoglobin; HR, hysteroscopic resection.
*median (range), ‡pregnancy responsible for RPOC, §dilatation and curettage and manual removal of placenta, †Mann–Whitney U Test, **Fisher exact test. Statistical significance was set at a P value of < 0.05.