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. 2022 Jul 13;12:11895. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15274-8

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The ability to simultaneously achieve strong outcomes for our conservation objectives depended on how much caribou habitat we aimed to protect for each of 51 sub-populations in the Protect Habitat scenario. We used a critical habitat target of 40% of the Boreal Shield sub-population’s range in undisturbed habitat and a target of 65% for each of the remaining 50 sub-populations, and then ran additional analyses at 25, 50, and 75% of each critical habitat target. The figure shows the conservation value of the priority areas as a proportion of the best, single-objective outcome for that conservation objective. Multi-objective optimization was able to achieve ≥ 0.93 of the best, single-objective outcome for each conservation objective when using the critical habitat targets, but ≥ 0.49 when using 25% of each target.