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. 2022 Jul 13;11:220. doi: 10.1038/s41377-022-00914-5

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Fig. 1 — a Photothermal effect in photo-involved catalytic reactions. ΔT is the photo-induced temperature increase at catalyst interface and Δ λ is the wavelength shift of cladding mode resonance. b Optical fiber sensing principle and system for operando monitoring light-to-heat at liquid-solid catalyst interface