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. 2022 Jul 13;11:220. doi: 10.1038/s41377-022-00914-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic illustration of a CNTs/Au-FOS with a TFBG in the fiber core and an Au mirror (4 μm) at the end of fiber. The insets are the numerical simulation of guided mode field intensity distributions for cladding mode and core mode. b Reflection spectrum of the fiber sensor in water, and the corresponding wavelength of high-order cladding (HC) modes for HC (90–108) and low-order cladding (LC) mode for LC (39–61), and core. c Wavelength shifts (∆λ) and corresponding spectral responses (the insets: HC (99), LC (49) and core) due to photo-induced catalytic processes over the Au film. (Video S1 for HC mode response and Video S2 for core mode response are provided)