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. 2022 Jul 13;12:11876. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15293-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Identification of synovial B cell clusters and assessment of context relevant markers. (A) The UMAP dimensionality reduced B cell transcriptome from A2–A4 reveals the presence of a naïve, a memory and a plasma cell cluster. (B) The scRNAseq annotation translates back onto the expected phenotypic protein expression by flow cytometry. (C) Average log2FC and robustness of expression for differentially expressed (DE) genes of B cell transcriptomes show marker genes for naïve, memory and plasma cells. (D) UMAP on spatial transcriptomics data colored with the ten nearest neighbor clusters. (E) Clusters are shown on the tissue sections. ACPA+ samples are indicated by turquoise color, and ACPA− in orange. (F) Differentially expressed genes between the ten clusters (indicated by same colors as in (D). Cluster 4 shows genes strongly associated to plasma cells.