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. 2021 Dec 22;16(4):745–756. doi: 10.1007/s11571-021-09767-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Architectures and connectivity patterns of models for generating narrow-band gamma rhythms. A shows the PING model's basic framework (mutually connected pyramidal cell and interneuron). B shows a model based on the PING model in A, but it has an additional feedback component, which is driven by the E neurons and provided excitatory feedback to both E and I (Jia et al. 2013a, b). C shows a model based on the model in B, with added horizontal connections (HC) in V1 (Han et al. 2021). D (replotted based on Chariker et al. 2018) shows the raster of spikes generated in a large scale spiking neural network (in a patch of 400 E- and I- neurons in a cortical hyper-column). The spiking neuron model is also able to generate gamma band peaks with stochastic inputs, which is shown in the Power Spectral Density (PSD) plot in E. F is replotted based on Jia et al. (2013a, b). It shows the simulated power spectra of LFP for gratings of different sizes based on the model shown in B. G is replotted based on Han et al. (2021). It shows power spectra of the LFP induced by stimuli at different sizes in the model shown in C