Table 2. Interferon γ and Interleukin 2 responses assessed as number of spot-forming-cells or percentage of responders among study participants after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools and whole virus.
| Spike | Non-spike | CD8-A | CD8-B | Irradiated
cell lysate |
At least one
response |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interferon γ | ||||||
| SFCs per 10 6 PBMCs geometric mean (95%CI) | ||||||
| Overall pre-2020 participants | 8.0
(6.2, 10.3) |
8.3
(6.8, 10.0) |
7.6
(5.5, 10.4) |
21.2
(13.1, 34.3) |
5.3
(4.0, 7.1) |
|
| Pregnant women | 6.2
(4.8, 8.0) a |
8.5
(6.9, 10.5) |
6.9
(5.2, 9.3) |
20.0
(11.5, 34.8) |
5.4
(3.8, 7.5) |
|
| Non-pregnant women | 13.9
(8.2, 23.5) |
7.8
(4.9, 12.3) |
9.1
(4.0, 20.7) |
23.6
(8.8, 63.6) |
5.1
(2.5, 10.3) |
|
| Women living with HIV | 6.3
(4.5, 8.8) |
7.9
(6.0, 10.3) |
7.8
(4.6, 13.1) |
21.8
(10.1, 46.9) |
5.8
(3.6, 9.3) |
|
| Women without HIV | 9.6
(6.7, 13.8) |
8.6
(6.5, 11.4) |
7.4
(4.9, 11.2) |
20.7
(10.8, 39.8) |
5.0
(3.4, 7.4) |
|
| 2020 participants | 309.3
(153.1, 624.7) |
99.8
(52.2, 190.7) |
124.8
(59.4, 262.0) |
10.0
(3.8, 25.9) |
97.9
(48.1, 199.0) |
|
| Responders (%) | ||||||
| Overall pre-2020 participants | 6
(6.2) |
6
(6.2) |
5
(5.2) |
20
(20.6) |
1
(1.0) |
29
(29.9) |
| Pregnant women | 2
(2.8) a |
4
(5.6) |
2
(2.8) |
14 (19.7) | 1
(1.4) |
19
(26.8) |
| Non-pregnant women | 4
(15.4) |
2
(7.8) |
3
(11.5) |
6
(23.1) |
0 | 10
(38.5) |
| Women living with HIV | 0 b | 2
(4.7) |
2
(4.7) |
7
(16.3) |
1
(2.3) |
11
(25.6) |
| Women without HIV | 6
(11.1) |
4
(7.4) |
3
(5.6) |
13
(24.1) |
0 | 18
(33.3) |
| 2020 participants | 7
(100) |
7
(100) |
7
(100) |
2
(28.6) |
7
(100) |
7
(100) |
| Interleukin 2 | ||||||
| SFCs per 10 6 PBMCs geometric mean (95%CI) | ||||||
| Overall pre-2020 participants | 10.0
(7.9, 12.6) |
12.6
(10.5, 15.2) |
6.7
(5.2, 8.6) |
9.4
(7.1, 12.4) |
8.4
(6.5, 10.9) |
|
| Pregnant women | 8.4
(6.4, 11.0) a |
13.7
(11.0, 17) |
6.6
(5.0, 8.7) |
9.7
(7.0, 13.4) |
8.0
(5.9, 10.9) |
|
| Non-pregnant women | 15.6
(10.1, 24.0) |
10.5
(7.3, 15.1) |
7.0
(3.6, 13.6) |
8.5
(4.6, 15.9) |
9.7
(5.6, 16.9) |
|
| Women living with HIV | 8.9
(6.0, 13.3) |
10.8
(7.7, 14.9) |
6.4
(4.1, 10) |
8.9
(5.8, 13.8) |
8.3
(5.5, 12.4) |
|
| Women without HIV | 10.6
(7.9, 14.4) |
14.1
(11.3, 17.5) |
6.9
(5.0, 9.5) |
9.7
(6.6, 14.2) |
8.5
(6.0, 12.3) |
|
| 2020 participants | 344.0
(195.5, 605.3) |
177.8
(103.8, 304.7) |
55.3
(30.9, 98.9) |
16.1
(8.9, 29.1) |
153.4
(81.7, 288.4) |
|
| Responders (%) | ||||||
| Overall pre-2020 participants | 15
(15.5) |
22
(22.7) |
6
(6.2) |
12
(12.4) |
3
(3.1) |
38
(39.2) |
| Pregnant women | 9
(12.7) |
18
(25.4) |
5
(7.0) |
10
(14.1) |
3
(4.2) |
29
(40.9) |
| Non-pregnant women | 6
(23.1) |
4
(15.4) |
1
(3.9) |
2
(7.7) |
0 | 9
(34.6) |
| Women living with HIV | 5
(11.6) |
8
(18.6) |
3
(7.0) |
4
(9.3) |
1
(2.3) |
11
(25.6) b |
| Women without HIV | 10
(18.5) |
14
(25.9) |
3
(5.6) |
8
(14.8) |
2
(3.7) |
27
(50.0) |
| 2020 participants | 7
(100) |
7
(100) |
6
(85.7) |
1
(14.3) |
7
(100) |
7
(100) |
| Responders (%) to either Interferon g or Interleukin 2 | ||||||
| Overall pre-2020 participants | 17
(17.5) |
24
(24.7) |
10
(10.3) |
25
(25.8) |
4
(4.1) |
50
(51.6) |
| Pregnant women | 10
(14.1) |
20
(28.2) |
7
(9.9) |
19
(26.8) |
4
(5.6) |
37
(52.1) |
| Non-pregnant women | 7
(26.9) |
4
(15.4) |
3
(11.5) |
6
(23.1) |
0 | 13
(50.0) |
| Women living with HIV | 5
(11.6) |
9
(20.9) |
5
(11.6) |
9
(20.9) |
2
(4.7) |
17
(39.5) b |
| Women without HIV | 12
(22.2) |
15
(27.8) |
5
(9.3) |
16
(29.6) |
2
(3.7) |
33
(61.1) |
| 2020 participants | 7
(100) |
7
(100) |
7
(100) |
2
(28.6) |
7
(100) |
7
(100) |
Responders are women with ≥20 SFCs after subtracting media control and with concomitant ≥2-fold increase from media only stimulation.
SFCs: Spot forming cells.
95%CI: 95% confidence interval.
ap-value < 0.05 pregnant vs. non-pregnant.
bp-value < 0.05 living with HIV vs. without HIV.