Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 41) | Patients With Detailed Treatment History (n = 26) |
|---|---|---|
| Male | 23 (56.1) | 12 (46.2) |
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 40.3 ± 22.1 | 41.6 ± 21.2 |
| Country | ||
| Netherlands | 12 (29.3) | 10 (38.5) |
| Belgium | 8 (19.5) | 8 (30.8) |
| France | 18 (43.9) | 5 (19.2) |
| Italy | 1 (2.4) | 1 (3.8) |
| Australia | 2 (4.9) | 2 (7.7) |
| Smoking | ||
| Never Smoker | 29 (70.7) | 16 (61.5) |
| Smoker | 2 (4.9) | 2 (7.7) |
| History of smoking | 10 (24.4) | 8 30.8) |
| Comorbidity | ||
| Cystic fibrosis | 21 (51.2) | 11 (42.3) |
| COPD | 5 (12.2) | 5 (19.2) |
| Asthma | 5 (12.2) | 1 (3.8) |
| Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis | 13 (31.7) | 9 (34.6) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux | 3 (7.3) | 2 (7.7) |
| Radiologic presentation | ||
| Nodular-bronchiectatic disease | 30 (73.2) | 17 (65.4) |
| Fibrocavitary disease | 8 (19.2) | 7 (26.9) |
| Unknown | 3 (7.3) | 2 (7.7) |
| M abscessus subspecies | ||
| abscessus | 25 (61.0) | 14 (53.8) |
| bolletii | 3 (7.3) | 2(7.7) |
| massiliensea | 2 (4.9) | 2 (7.7) |
| unknown | 11 (26.9) | 8 (30.8) |
| Susceptibility testing | ||
| Macrolides | ||
| Susceptible | 10 (24.4) | 10 (38.5) |
| Resistant (including inducible resistance) | 23 (56.1) | 15 (57.7) |
| Unknown | 7 (17.1) | 1 (3.8) |
| Amikacin | ||
| Susceptible | 15 (36.6) | 14 (53.8) |
| Intermediate | 5 (12.2) | 4 (15.4) |
| Resistant | 6 (14.6) | 4 (15.4) |
| Unknown | 15 (36.6) | 4 (15.4) |
| Copathogens | ||
| Aspergillus spp | 16 (39.0) | 11 (42.3) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 15 (36.6) | 6 (23.1) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 13 (31.7) | 8 (30.8) |
| Achromobacter xylosoxidans | 4 (9.8) | 3 (11.5) |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 3 (7.3) | 3 (11.5) |
| All Patients (N = 41) | M abscessus subsp. abscessus (n = 25) | |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment ALIS ongoing | 18 (43.9) | 9 (36.0) |
| Previous treatment with IV amikacin | 37 (90.2) | 21 (84.0) |
| Mean duration of NTM treatment before start of ALIS, mean ± SD, mo | 12.7 ± 19.6 | 15.8 ± 22.6 |
| Mean duration of treatment with ALIS, mean ± SD, mo | 12.4 ± 11.4 | 13.6 ± 11.6 |
| Culture conversion | 18 (43.9) | 11 (44.0) |
| Good outcomea | 25 (61.0) | 15 (60.0) |
| Microbiologic cure | 8 (19.5) | 3 (12.0) |
| Clinical cure | 7 (17.1) | 4 (16.0) |
| Cure | 10 (24.4) | 8 (32.0) |
| Treatment failure | 13 (31.7) | 9 (36.0) |
| Death | 2 (4.9) | 1 (4.0) |
| Unknown | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Fibrosis (n = 21) | Non-Cystic Fibrosis (n = 20) | |
|---|---|---|
| Culture conversion | 9 (42.9) | 9 (45.0) |
| Good outcomeb | 10 (47.6) | 15 (75.0) |
| Microbiologic cure | 3 (14.3) | 5 (25.0) |
| Clinical cure | 1 (4.8) | 6 (30.0) |
| Cure | 6 (28.6) | 4 (20.0) |
| Treatment failure | 10 (47.6) | 3 (15.0) |
| Death | 1 (4.8) | 1 (5.0) |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 (5.0) |
| Nodular Bronchiectatic (n = 30)b | Fibrocavitary (n = 8)c | |
|---|---|---|
| Culture conversion | 15 (50.0) | 3 (37.5) |
| Good outcomeb | 19 (63.3) | 4 (50.0) |
| Microbiologic cure | 5 (16.7) | 3 (37.5) |
| Clinical cure | 4 (13.3) | 1 (12.5) |
| Cure | 10 (33.3) | 0 |
| Treatment failure | 10 (33.3) | 2 (25.0) |
| Death | 1 (3.3) | 1 (12.5) |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 (12.5) |
Data are presented as No. (%), unless otherwise noted. Treatment outcomes were divided into all patients and M abscessus subspecies abscessus caused by inducible macrolide resistance and the possibility of poorer outcomes in this group.
a
Both strains of M abscessus subsp massiliense were susceptible to clarithromycin.
b
Good outcome = microbiologic cure + clinical cure + cure.
c
Three patients had unknown radiologic presentation, of which two patients had clinical cure, and one patient had treatment failure. ALIS = amikacin liposome inhalation suspension; NTM = nontuberculous mycobacteria.