Table 3.
Examples of modulation of Fc core fucosylation of antigen-specific IgGs in infectious diseases.
| Antigen | Afucosylation level | % afucosylation(median) | IgG involved | Time frame | Clinical significance of afucosylation | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMV | Low | 35% | IgG1 | Stable over time | Not known | (175) |
| SARS-CoV-2 Spike | Fast upon sero-conversion | 12-18% | IgG1 | Reversible | Correlates with ARDS, IL-6 and CRP levels, correlates with IL6 induction by macrophages in vitro |
(175–179) |
| Dengue E and NS1 proteins | Induced by infection (1° and 2°) |
12-18% | IgG1 | Stable over time | Correlates with disease severity; correlates with low platelets and RBC | (180–182) |
| HIV-1 | low | 12% | IgG1 | Stable over time | Unknown | (175) |
| HBV | Low | 16% | IgG1 | – | Unknown | (175) |
| Mumps virus | Low | 12% | IgG1 | – | Unknown | (175) |
| Plasmodium falciparum EMP1 | High | 30-75% | IgG1 | Stable w/o antigen boost, further decreases with multiple exposure | Induces higher degranulation of FcɣRIIIA+ cell line ex vivo | (183) |
ARDS, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; CRP, C Reactive Protein; CMV, cytomegalovirus.