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. 2022 Jun 30;9:892831. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.892831

Figure 5.

Figure 5

ELISA analyses of PIP in human tear samples. (A) Significant increase of the PIP concentration in tear samples from patients with dry eye disease (DED, n = 115) compared to healthy donors (n = 38). (B) PIP concentration in DED subgroups. There are increased PIP levels in tear samples of patients with aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE, n = 19), evaporative dry eye (EDE, n = 48) and mixed dry eye (MDE, n = 48) compared to healthy subjects. Significantly increased PIP levels can only be seen in MDE compared to healthy subjects and in MDE compared to ADDE. (C) PIP concentration in analyzed groups divided by sex (women, n = 100 and men, n = 53). Significantly increased PIP levels can only be seen in MDE compared to healthy subjects. (D) PIP concentration in analyzed groups divided by age. There are significantly increased PIP levels in MDE compared to healthy subjects. One way anova and Dunn multiple comparison test, *p < 0.05, **/##p < 0.01.